Motion sensors for burglar alarms - volumetric and infrared

Security sensors, they are also motion sensors for signaling, are state-of-the-art equipment that allows high-precision detection of intruders in the private territory within the covered range. The principle of operation of such devices may be different, due to this by different types and technical characteristics.

Why is it needed and where is the security motion sensor used

The main task of such a device is to calculate the movement in a protected object or territory, for example, in a car or in a personal plot. Fixing extraneous movements, the controller transmits a signal to the control panel, warning the owner of a potential danger. If the sensor is additionally equipped with a video camera, it will also record everything that happens around.

The purpose of these types of equipment can be different, it all depends on their design features and functionality:

• Controllers can be installed to activate lighting systems when people enter the room. Such technologies save energy and extend the life of electrical appliances.
• Sensors for the home. Mounted to identify unauthorized persons in the protected area. Devices transmit signals about the presence of extraneous movements to the security control panel.
• For transmitting alarms to mobile devices, tablets and users' computers. This option is available to people whose equipment is equipped with a GSM module, and also has the ability to connect a SIM card.
• They can be used as an additional working unit for connecting light-sound devices.
  
• For the operation of monitoring systems of protected premises, as well as for the optimal operation of video cameras.
• For installation in cars as car alarms. It is possible to mount and connect to anti-theft engine systems. Such systems promptly transmit information to the car owner that someone has entered his car.

GSM infrared security sensors equipped with a siren and a camera are used to guard any objects.

Types of sensors and principle of operation

The principle of operation depending on the type of sensor may vary slightly.

Infrared motion sensors for security

This type of security sensors is considered the most advanced and in demand. The principle of operation based on the capture of thermal radiation and the determination of optical reflection is based. The device, like any other infrared radiator, is capable of emitting a large number of thermal waves.

Ultrasonic and radio wave sensors

The operation of such devices is based on the principle of capture and reflection of sound streams. Today, these types of devices are almost never used. After connecting and tuning, the controller picks up sound waves in the frequency range of 20 - 60 kHz. As a return pulse with the help of built-in lenses, the light is fixed.

Photoelectric sensor

The principle of operation is almost identical to the previous one, the main difference is that the controller produces an electromagnetic field. The detection of movements occurs due to the detection of reflection pulses. Electromagnetic controllers operate at a frequency of approximately 5.8 GHz.

Types of outdoor sensors and their requirements

When choosing motion sensors to protect a personal territory or other perimeter, it is important to take into account the following requirements:

• The number of false positives should be kept to an absolute minimum.
• Design stability to external factors.
• The sensor must ensure the effective operation of the entire security system, regardless of weather conditions and temperature conditions.

Protecting the perimeter, it is important to take into account the design features of the entire area. To cover all areas, it is recommended to equip the site with various types of motion detectors:

• Microwave motion detectors. The operation of the device is based on the Doppler effect. The generator built into the design emits high-frequency waves. Work units continuously analyze this parameter and respond when changes occur. The advantages of this type of device allow you to cover large areas, the disadvantages are that there are no wireless modifications due to the large power consumption.
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  Ultrasonic motion sensor

  Acoustic, they are also ultrasonic, motion sensors. The work is based on the principle of sound location. The built-in generator emits powerful sound vibrations that the human ear is not able to pick up. Sound rays are reflected from objects, which leads to a change in frequency. The device records the difference - a signal is sent to the control panel.

• Thermal sensors are produced on the basis of a PIR sensor, which is capable of capturing infrared radiation in a protected area. Infrared rays emanate from every living organism, which the device picks up, focuses with the help of optical Fresnel lenses and transmits a signal to the control panel. The maximum allowable working angle reaches 120 degrees, and the range of recognition of a living object ranges from 10-15 meters.

Each type of equipment has not only advantages, but also disadvantages. To choose the right device, you need to carefully read the characteristics, features and reviews.

Features of installation and connection

Before starting to connect and configure the equipment, it is important to connect it correctly. Install security sensors on special structures that are not subject to vibration. Compliance with this rule is mandatory, otherwise the number of false positives will significantly increase, which will negatively affect the quality of work. In addition, the height of the device plays a role. A critical indicator of height is indicated in the technical data sheet of the device and, as a rule, ranges from 2-3 meters from the floor level.

When installing all considered varieties of security sensors, their disadvantages should be taken into account. For example, for efficient and correct operation of infrared devices, you need to place them as follows:

• In the immediate vicinity there should be no heating and any heating devices that form the ascending heat fluxes.
• Avoid direct sunlight on the sensitive segment of the device - the pyro-module.

Detector detection zones are necessarily monitored by the possible routes of movement of the intruder.

Sensor Setup

For wireless models, there is no classic connection concept. The sensor is assigned a unique combination of numbers and letters for the alarm system, the first time it is turned on, it automatically switches to the operating mode without additional settings. The connection and configuration diagram is presented in more detail in the attached technical passport to the device. Each model has its own subtleties.

Wired professional devices are connected in different ways, depending on whether this model is targeted or not. The address detector must be connected with the required polarity.Most models of security sensors are equipped with a relay, the contacts of which open in danger mode and are closed in the monitoring state.

Tamper is used to prevent opening the device by third parties. If you do everything thoroughly, it is better to connect it to a dedicated cable on the network.

Criterias of choice

Before buying equipment, you need to carefully consider all the details that will make the use of the sensor more comfortable, convenient and productive. If you choose the wrong instrument, due to technical limitations it can create many difficulties in use and maintenance. The main selection criteria that you should pay attention to:

• The purpose of the device is a key factor. You should also determine the place of work of the device - indoors, inside the car, etc., or on a personal plot. The presence of peaks, canopies also plays a role, since it depends on what IP protection class the selected device model should have.
• Sensors are divided into several types according to mounting methods - they are mounted and built-in.
• The power of the device is determined by the radius of the security sensor and the ability to record events occurring around (sensitivity). The installation rules and dimensions also depend on this parameter.
• When choosing a type of device, the design feature of the house, as well as the terrain conditions, are of great importance. For example, not every model modification is able to shine through glass surfaces or light structures such as canopies and arbors.
• It will not be superfluous to get acquainted with the response time indicators. This is of great importance, especially if the security sensor is installed indoors.
• The installation location determines the angle of detection of a moving object.

Models of sensors equipped with sensitive elements reduce the concentration of false switching on of the device, and also allow you to choose the appropriate operating mode.