Powerful LEDs are elements with large indicators of luminescence, brightness (more than 300 Lm / W), power (10 - 100 W). Initially, they were used as indicator lamps, but today they are relevant for the arrangement of lighting. LED-lamps are designed for 50 thousand hours of operation from a power supply of 6-72 V, which allows users to save on electricity charges.
Crystal sizes
The superbright element is built on crystals, the sizes of which are indicated as mil - a thousandth of an inch. If you translate the value into millimeters, you get 0, 0254 mm. The size of the standard crystal is 30x30 and 45x45 mil.
Specialists use a sharp-pointed digital vernier caliper to determine crystal size. The tool allows you to identify the value with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. It is enough for the average person to know that size is correlated with power:
- 1 W - 45x45 mil or 30x30 mil;
- 0.75 W - 24x40 mil;
- 0.5 W - 24x24 mil.
Manufacturers recess the LED crystal in the case, therefore, they do not use a micrometer for measurement.
Varieties of Power LEDs
Powerful LED is a high power light emitting diode. Elements have a wavelength of 650 to 660 Nm, dispersion is visible at an angle of 160 degrees. Semiconductor devices are divided into several groups.
Single chip
Lighting elements have small dimensions, but high density and decent luminous intensity. Features of single-chip options include:
- the light beam goes to the edges;
- backlight angle - from 100 to 145 degrees;
- color rendition - CRI 70–90;
- power - up to 3 W;
- luminous flux up to 334 Lm.
To make one wide-angle lamp, single-chip LEDs take less than standard lamps.
Multi-chip
A feature of solid-state elements is power, depending on the magnitude of the voltage. The current strength is 3000 mA. Manufacturers produce a line of multi-chip LEDs with power from 6 to 72 V. Classification:
- high voltage elements;
- elements power less than 4 W;
- cells with a power of more than 4 watts.
Multi-chip SMD sources have a white or color glow.
Up to 4 watts
Superbright LEDs with total power ratings of up to 4 W are represented by MX and ML options. They vary in body type, but are similar in angle of illumination of 120 degrees. Devices give out a cold and warm glow, and their light output is related to power. Increased supply voltage increases the life of the elements without affecting the quality of light.
Over 4 watts
As part of the “race for lumens”, multi-chip modifications with a power of 4 to 25 W have been developed, which differ:
- luminous flux from 250 to 2100 lm;
- energy efficiency - the largest lamp consumes 12 watts;
- the presence of an open diode or an opaque bulb;
- self-cooling system.
The largest representative of the line is in a 7x7 mm case.
5mm LEDs
The device chip is a reflector with a phosphor emitting bright light. A reflector without a lens is inserted into the lamp, and the light spot is focused on one area.
Semiconductor elements of 5 mm in diameter are distinguished by an operating voltage of 1.9-3.4 V. The current strength is 20 mA, and the light intensity is from 30 to 30 thousand mcd. The brightest 5 mm LEDs are available in several color options - white (cold and warm), blue, red, orange, green or yellow.
High voltage supply
A high-voltage bright LED, or HVW, is compact in size and has a large luminous flux. Such devices are used for the production of retrofits with socles E14 or E27. The transfer index is 70-90 CRI. Models with mini-drivers and mini-radiators in comparison with low-voltage counterparts have greater efficiency.
High voltage modifications with diffuser are recommended.
Colored
LED devices are intended for decorative lighting of an interior, plants or illumination of buildings. A compact body (1.6 x 1.6 mm or 3.45 x 3.45 mm) and a dome lens allow you to focus light streams. In some series, the indication is implemented using 2-4 shades, moreover, brightness and temperature are adjustable.
Royal blue
LEDs with a diameter of 5 mm or more are superbright devices with a remote phosphor. The coating is applied not on the crystal, but on the inside of the secondary optics. Royal Blue forms a deep blue light beam. Its scattering angle is 90, 100, 135 and 140 degrees. The maximum current when using is 500, 700, 1000 A.
Compared to standard Royal Blue designs, it is up to 30% more efficient.
COB matrices
The technology of numerous crystals on the board, or Chip-on-Board provides for the installation of elements without a case or base. All crystals are closely spaced, covered by a common phosphor layer. The density of the SOW technology is 70 crystals / 1 cm 2, so the LEDs have a uniform glow. The standard luminous layer of the COB matrix is a square with sides 1-3 cm or a circle, the same in diameter.
Thanks to the Chip-on-Board, the production of a light source with the dimensions of the luminous element equal to DNT or MGL is being established. A bright flashlight with the same glow will have a power of 100-150 watts.
Most often, COB diodes are used for outdoor lighting or the production of photographic equipment (CRI greater than 95).
High-Brightness LEDs
Super powerful and bright High-Brightness LEDs are characterized by a current value of 20-70 A. Available in color and white. The number of shades of radiation depends on the number of anode-cathode pairs. The directivity of the light of LED components ensures their application for outdoor advertising - billboards, signboards, lightboxes.
Plcc
Modifications of LEDs on one or several crystals, suitable for outdoor installation. The dimensions of SMD devices allow you to choose them for accent lighting or a scrolling line.
P4
“Piranha” LEDs are made in a square casing of epoxy compound. The lens surface is concave, convex or oval, which contributes to uniform flow direction. The angle of dispersion is more than 120 degrees. For fixing the lamp, 4 metal outlets are intended. The dimensions of the elements are 3-7.7 mm. They pass current up to 50 mA at a voltage of 4.5 V.
Improved scattering properties, a strong substrate and several color options for glow allow the device to be used in outdoor advertising and auto-tuning.
Round
The superbright LED in terms of light performance is better than the OWL, since it is manufactured using Chip On Glass technology (chip on glass). Round low-current elements are located in an optical casing with a diameter of 5 mm made of epoxy. During operation, they consume 20 mA of current. Visible viewing angle - 360 degrees, which is better than a flat matrix. There are options with and without output limiters.
1 lamp with filament LEDs in light intensity is comparable to a 60 W incandescent lamp.
Oval
Unique in design LEDs can emit light streams in two directions. Models are designed for a current strength of 20 mA, they are not damaged by ultraviolet radiation, wet gray hair, temperature jumps. The large scattering angle justifies the use of oval elements to create huge LED screens. The body of the light source is only 4 mm.
Light scattering by oval LEDs occurs along the X and Y axes.
Lighting indicators
Practically all powerful LED-elements operate on 12 W voltage, less often - on 24-48 W power sources. You can consider detailed lighting specifications on the example of XLamp XM-L from the Cree brand:
- power - 10 W;
- operating voltage - 12 V;
- energy efficiency indicator - up to 170 lm / V;
- luminous flux - 850 Lm (current strength 3 A);
- base parameters - 5x5 mm;
- light temperature - from 4000 to 5000 K.
With a current strength of more than 3 A, the light element gives out about 910 Lm.
Base material
The base is intended for fastening crystals. It is created from the following materials:
- Aluminum. Budget LEDs are characterized by insufficient thermal conductivity, incandescent during operation. The aluminum base can be distinguished by light weight;
- Copper. It removes heat from the chip well, but has more weight. Diodes become hot during use.
LEDs with a power of 10 - 100 W with a copper base should weigh 2-3 times more than the standard 5 W.
LED Conductors
The finest conductor ensures the quality of the crystal connection to power sources. A good product is made of gold, on one contact there are 2 elements. The characteristics of the conductors are most pronounced in automotive lighting. The gold element withstands fluctuations up to 30 V, and the copper element burns out.
Lenses for optics
Modern brands produce specialized optical systems with various radiation patterns (elliptical, for 3 LEDs). The basis for obtaining directivity of parallel light beams is a collimator. It is made in the form of a hole in an absorbent coating with various cross-sectional shapes. The radiation source is located at one end of the collimator.
Scope of application
Energy-saving LED luminaires with a low ripple coefficient are used in places where bright illumination is required:
- room decoration - suitable for 220 V mains voltage;
- automobile production - on the dashboard, displays, signaling, turn signals;
- street lighting;
- outdoor advertising - citylights, running lines, information panels, billboards;
- entertainment facilities - accent lighting of zones;
- greenhouses and greenhouses - streams of a certain color stimulate plant growth;
- aquarium lighting.
The popularity of LEDs is associated with the ability to obtain ultra-brightness without much cost of electricity.
The assortment of LED products allows you to implement the ideas of interior decor, to attract the audience by designing the sign of the institution. The operation of LEDs allows you to save on replacing incandescent lamps - the resource of their work is 30-50 thousand hours.
