After installing the sewage system, it is necessary to select a device for closing the inspection well. It is installed at the same level with the surface of the earth or buried. The main requirement for a cover for such communication is reliability and resistance to stress.
Purpose of covers for sewer wells
Overlappings for sewer manholes are made of two parts: a cover and a support ring. They are used in systems in the device of which the presence of inspection wells is provided. Each hydraulic structure requires proper operation and protection of its aboveground and underground elements from damage. To do this, wear-resistant well hatches are used, which:
- block the well shaft from debris, foreign objects;
- ensure the safety of humans and animals;
- protect from a characteristic sewer smell;
- prevent precipitation from entering the drains;
Lids are also used for decorative purposes - they add aesthetics to the hydraulic structure and harmoniously fit into the surrounding landscape. If the appearance of the sewer hatch does not suit the owner of the site, it can be masked with decorative stones or a flower pot.
Model classification
To cover the sewer well perfectly, it is necessary to take into account a variety of parameters: from the cover material to the possible load level.
Production material
Well floors can be classified by the material used to make them. Manholes for sewers must meet the increased requirements of: strength, resistance to wear, immunity to deformation and mechanical stress, to the occurrence of corrosion and mold. Products must maintain performance under the influence of temperature extremes.
The following types of caps correspond to all these criteria:
- polymer-composite or polymer-sand;
- concrete;
- cast iron;
- plastic.
The traditional material for the lids is cast iron. It is appreciated by manufacturers for its durability, long operating time and excellent resistance to aggressive influences.
Coatings made of polymers for sewage wells have many advantages compared to models made of cast iron: they weigh less, look prettier, cheaper. At the same time, they are quite strong, practical and durable.
Their service life is estimated at several decades due to the immunity of the material to the influence of atmospheric influences and a small coefficient of thermal expansion.
Covers made of polymers are perfectly installed on the seats of hatches, set many years ago.
Due to technological diversity, polymer covers for manhole covers are made for specific operating conditions. In places not subject to heavy loads, they use less durable, inexpensive, lightweight and easy to use models.
A polyethylene or polypropylene coating for a well cannot be installed on highways - it will not withstand the load. It is better to choose a cover made of metal or fiberglass and polyester resins. But for the suburban area of polyethylene or polypropylene is quite enough.
Concrete well plugs are made for laconic designs from reinforced concrete rings. Overlaps of this type are made both monolithic and with a folding wooden or plastic shutter.Instead of a door above the hatch, you can build a superstructure of brick or wood. In suburban construction, such ceilings are used to seal septic tanks and cesspools.
Load and marking
To choose the right well cover, you need to know the standard marking. It is indicated on each product in certain letters:
- GHG - for underground fire hydrants;
- TS - for inspection well manholes of heating systems;
- D - for storm water inlets and sewage facilities;
- K - for sewer and fecal systems;
- B - for inspection hatches of water communications;
- M - for gas pipelines;
- T, MTS, GTS - for telephone lines.
Well floors for sewerage are also classified according to the load that they can withstand. For living conditions, lightweight models are usually used. Such elements are designed for maximum permissible load of not more than 3.5 tons. Lightweight hatches are used to equip wells in places where there will be no significant pressure on the coating: in the garden and park zone, on personal plots.
Heavy hatches can hold loads of no more than 15 tons. Typically, this kind of sewer coverings is used in industrial areas or roads of the city, not intended for the passage of heavy special equipment.
Heavy trunk floors for sewage hold a load of up to 25 tons per second. Their installation is carried out in places with the systematic passage of a large number of trucks and other overall vehicles. Such coatings are placed at gas stations, highways, moorings. Extra heavy covers are used where the permissible load is more than 25 tons per second.
Sometimes lids are equipped with locking mechanisms to prevent theft and accidental opening. Locks are spacer, flag and threaded.
Shape, dimensions and prices
The most popular covers are round and square. The first are produced with diameters from 35 to 120 cm, which allows them to cover a septic tank, caisson, and a well. Gosstandart offers two traditional sections - 45 and 55 cm.
Square covers and ceilings are used for wells, on which, due to their shape, it is not possible to install a rounded hatch. The main area of their use is the elements of a storm (storm water) system and inspection hatches of water mains with an upper part made of a log house, and not based on a reinforced concrete ring. Lids in the form of a rectangle or square are available in sizes of 300-800 mm on the side. They are airtight and with slots for the drain of storm water.
To pick up a well hatch, it is necessary to take off the exact sizes of an internal and external well head. The cover should overlap the well so that no foreign objects get inside. The dimensions of the well manhole made of polymer and the head can be brought into correspondence using a reinforced concrete ring as a base.
The price of a plastic or polymer-sand cover for a sewer well starts at 500 rubles. The cost of a cast iron product is from 2000 rubles. The minimum price of concrete flooring is about the same.
With the right selection and installation of cover for the sewer well in the area there will be no unpleasant odor. The hole itself will merge with the background of the surrounding landscape.
