Pipes of the sewage system in an emergency can become a source of environmental contamination. With abundant sewage there is a risk of disease in humans and animals. Wastewater, even with a small leakage, can destroy the strongest foundation, which will lead to subsidence of the walls. To avoid this, standards have been developed that regulate the safe distance from the sewer line to the base of the building. They must be taken into account during the construction of sewage treatment facilities.
The distance from the foundation to the sewer
To preserve the walls of the building and avoid its destruction, they maintain a standard distance from the foundation to the sewage system, regulated by such documents as “Sanitary norms and rules” and “Building norms”. They also indicate the requirements for the placement of the purification device in relation to other communication highways, garden crops and roads.
Sanitary regulations
In SNiPs 2.04.01-85, 2.04.04-84, 2.04.03-85, all specific distances are clearly spelled out. The ratio of sewer devices to the foundation of the building depends on which system is planned for installation: pressure or pressureless. In the latter case, the regulation is as follows:
|
Communication objects
|
The minimum horizontal distance in the light (between the edge of the pipe or well and the wall) in meters | |
| To the foundations of buildings and structures |
To fences of industrial facilities, overpasses,
pylons of the contact network and communications, railways
|
|
| Domestic gravity sewer | 3 | 1,5 |
| Drainage | 3 | 1 |
The distance from the pressure sewage facilities (highways, devices and tunnels) to the foundation according to SNiP cannot be less than five meters.
It is necessary to take into account the size of the security zones, which are also necessary for the arrangement of an autonomous sewer system. They depend on the size of the treatment plant and its performance. For example, if the last indicator is 15 cubic meters per day, the sanitary zone will be equal to:
- for the place where the underground filters are located - 15 m;
- for a filtration trench or a pillow made of sand and gravel - 25 m.
When constructing a sewage treatment plant with several chambers, a minimum five-meter distance is provided from the foundation to the septic tank, and it is recommended that the filter well be located eight meters from the house.
By building codes
SP42.13330.2011 also says that the distance from the base of the house to the network of the pressure sewer system is at least five meters. However, the correspondence of the walls of the pipeline and the sewer well is taken into account here. After all, the networks themselves pass through the well center, so the diameter of the well is divided into two and subtracted from the standard distance. So, with a two-meter well section, its edge should be located at a distance of four meters from the base wall.
According to SP42.13330.2011, calculating the standards for gravity sewer systems, the minimum between the foundation and the building, as well as SNiPs, is three meters. But here they are repelled from the central passage of networks. So, with a meter well section, its edge can be located 2.5 meters from the house.
If the underground communication lines are long and winding, have many nodes and additional devices, under high-traffic routes or under the entrances to large industrial facilities, the pipeline is laid in prefabricated collector tunnels made of reinforced concrete.
A similar arrangement of sewer pipes allows for repair work without opening asphalt on the roadway.It is much easier to carry out preventive and maintenance measures.
Reducing the distance from the sewer to the foundation
The distance between sewer lines and buildings should allow for repair work, as well as provide protection for adjacent highways in an emergency. It is unacceptable that drains wash away the base of the house and the walls of the wells if the sewer pipes are damaged. But it is especially important that the sewage does not get into the soil and the water supply.
Sometimes the territory is so small that it is extremely difficult to comply with all standards. There is an opportunity to equip the sewer a little closer to the house, and two regulatory documents confirm it: SP 42.13330.2011 and VSN 61-89 (p). They say that these distances can be reduced in cramped conditions, if technologically possible and does not threaten a violation of the safety and reliability of the structure.
The sewer line can be laid one and a half meters from the base of the house if it is made of cast-iron pressure pipes in a protective case at a level exceeding the mark of the base of the foundation by 0.5 m.
Legal and legal responsibility
Violation of the rules for the construction of sewers is dangerous for the environment and buildings on the site. For this, penalties are legislatively provided. First of all, this applies to persons responsible for the design and construction of sewer pipelines. It is not at all a fact that these people will get off with a simple fine or disciplinary action. If the losses are large, or damage to the health of citizens as a result of an accident on the communication highways, criminal liability is possible.
First of all, in the event of an emergency or violation of sanitary standards, they will check:
- Heads of design enterprises. They will be asked if drawings and diagrams were incorrectly drawn up, calculations made.
- Construction customers. They are responsible for the willingness to commission the constructed highway. They will check whether they have chosen professionals for its manufacture, whether they have correctly selected the equipment.
- Scientists who were inquired about climate indicators, soil characteristics, occurrence of underground sources.
- Employees of construction organizations. They are responsible not only for laying the pipeline itself, but also for conducting a test run of the structure.
Checks to identify violations are carried out extremely carefully. To avoid troubles, it is easier to comply with regulations: they are not so stringent and require assumptions when observing technical safety requirements.
Responsible for the incorrect laying of sewer highways can be not only legal entities, but also private individuals. If a person decided to lay pipes on the site independently, as he pleases, he can also be attracted for violation of sanitary standards and environmental legislation.
Responsibility is imposed not only if only normative distances between the foundation and the wall of the house are violated. This indicator should not contradict other rules for placing communications on a site. A coordinated arrangement of communication lines is necessary to protect them from damage in the event of accidents and the repair and construction work.
