A cesspool is a sewage system where effluents and sewage merge. This is the easiest and cheapest way to organize an autonomous sewer system in a summer cottage. For the construction of the pit, different materials are used. One of the interesting options is car tires. They are rubber, sewage effluents do not affect them in any way, so the tires will last for many years. But before you make a cesspool of automobile tires with your own hands, you need to find a place for a sewer system, and also to understand the principle of its operation.
The device and principle of operation of the drain pit
Previously, cesspools were made directly in the ground, without protecting them in any way. Sewage penetrated the soil through the walls, polluting it. At the same time, there was an unpleasant smell on the site, which spread even with a slight blow of the wind.
Environmental standards required that sewerage facilities be leakproof, and wells in which sewage was filtered through the ground should be equipped with natural filtration layers. Therefore, coarse-grained sand or gravel of medium or large fractions began to fall asleep at the bottom of the cesspools.
The sewage enters the constructed reservoir, part of the solid particles is processed by bacteria, part settles to the bottom and walls, and water flows through the bottom into the ground. At the same time, it becomes clarified, that is, practically does not harm the environment.
Sewer drains enter the drain pit through a pipe that runs at an angle from the house.
Calculation and design
There are standard standards that allow you to make an accurate calculation of the volume of the pit. For this, the following parameters are taken into account:
- the number of people permanently living in the house;
- the amount of water consumed by one person per day - this value is standard, and it is 200 liters or 0.2 m³;
- the time during which bacteria process organic matter in sewage, this value is also standard - 3 days.
Calculation example:
3x0.2x3 = 1.8 m³ - this is the volume of the cesspool for the house in which 3 people live.
There are standard standards for the remoteness of a hydraulic structure from objects located on a summer cottage:
- from the foundation of the main house - 5 m;
- from a well or a well - 50 m;
- from open natural or artificial reservoirs - 30 m;
- from plantations - 3 m.
Attention! The solids collected at the bottom of the tank cover the filter layer, which complicates the passage of clarified water into the soil. Therefore, the cesspool must be cleaned periodically. It is better to do this with the help of a sewage machine. Therefore, it is necessary to build a sump near the fence erected by the road.
Stages of the construction of a cesspool
To make the sewer out of automobile wheels from KaMaz, you must first dig a hole with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the tires. In this case, the required volume of the future structure must be taken into account. Therefore, you must first measure the inner diameter of the wheel, find its area by the formula: S = πD² / 4 = 3.14xD² / 4.
The resulting value is multiplied by the width of the tire. This will be the approximate internal volume of the wheel. After that, the calculated pit volume is divided by this parameter. The end result is the number of tires required. Accordingly, the depth of the pit will be equal to the width of the wheels multiplied by the amount received.
Since the bottom of the structure will need to be covered with a filter layer, the depth is increased by 30-50 cm.
The next stage is earthworks.They dig a hole under the tires, a trench for the sewer pipe. The best option for the latter is a straight section from the house to the pit. The pipe is laid at an angle of 2-3 °.
Cesspool construction
In the bottom of the pit, with a garden drill, it is necessary to drill a well 1-2 m deep. A plastic pipe 2-3 m long with a diameter of 100-200 mm is inserted into it, in which holes with a diameter of 5-10 mm are drilled. The latter are drilled evenly along that part of the pipe, which is located half a meter above the bottom of the pit. The open upper edge of the pipe must be closed with synthetic fine mesh. This is a drainage to drain clarified water into the ground.
- The bottom of the pit is covered with rubble or sand.
- Align the filter layer.
- Two tires are stacked on top of one another.
- They are aligned with each other.
- Through mating surfaces make through holes located crosswise.
- Galvanized wire is passed through them (plastic clamps can be used) and twisted. In this way, two automobile tires are fastened together.
- Next, the remaining wheels are stacked on top, fastened together.
The main task of the manufacturer is to achieve the tightness of the structure under construction. Therefore, on the outside, the joints of the tires are covered with a cement-sand mixture or bitumen mastic. This must be done immediately in the process of laying each wheel.
As soon as all the tires are laid, they fill the sinuses between the walls of the pit and the tires. To do this, use soil selected from the pit. But it is better to mix it with sand.
The last stacked car tire must be above the ground.
The outer sides of the top tire are sprinkled with tamped soil. This is a blind area that will protect the sewer sump from precipitation and melting snow. From above it is necessary to lay the insulated hatch. It can be a wooden cover assembled from boards. Its inner surface must be glued with foam. A hole is made in the hatch where a ventilation pipe is inserted to remove unpleasant odors. The longer the pipe, the better.
Cesspool Service
For the sump to work efficiently, it must be periodically pumped out. Therefore, at least once a month, it is necessary to open the hatch and inspect whether the pit is filled to the brim. If necessary, pump out.
For a more effective treatment of sewage, it is recommended that biological preparations, dry bacteria, be introduced into the cesspool. The latter come into contact with water and begin to process organics.
If necessary, chemicals are poured into the sump. They completely break down the contents of the sewer, disinfect and remove unpleasant odors. But at the same time, chemicals kill all bacteria. After chemical cleaning, dry bacteria should be poured.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantage of the cesspool of tires is the simplicity of construction and a small construction budget. Service life - up to 15 years.
The biggest drawback is poor performance. In winter, the system often freezes. Unpleasant odor with low tightness of the structure quickly spreads to the suburban area. The degree of purification is up to 40%, which is considered insufficient for modern sewer systems. Therefore, there is a possibility that sewage will enter the ground.
