Fancoil is a part of the climate system of a building or industrial premises that maintains the desired temperature in the warm season or year-round. Fan coil units differ from each other depending on the tasks that are posed to the system. Climatic systems are part of the building plan, they are laid at the construction stage, so you need to immediately determine the type of equipment so that later you do not have to spoil the final repair and re-equip the mains.
Schematic diagram of the device
The system consists of several important nodes, the same for all types of similar equipment:
- The electronic unit that controls the system.
- Heat exchanger.
- Filter system.
- Fan.
The principle of operation of fan coils is simple: air through a fan enters the heat exchanger, where it meets pipes filled with coolant. There is a temperature exchange, after which the air returns to the room. This is an example when a fan coil only cools the room. Other types of fan coils can heat air and even ventilate. Still others work in a full cycle:
- cooling;
- heating, which occurs with the help of an electric heater - ten;
- ventilation;
- selectively heated and cooled (multi-zone equipment).
You need to sort out which type of fan coil is best suited from the last item on the list. The system configuration will depend on this.
Single-zone and multi-zone fan coils
The single-zone system provides for the operation of all connected fan-coils in one mode - heating or cooling. In each room, you can set a higher or lower temperature. The single-zone system is not capable of selectively controlling the temperature. There is one circuit and two pipes supplying cold or hot water.
If you want to selectively cool and heat rooms at the same time, you need a multi-zone system. Cold and hot media flows through two different circuits, which have 2 pipes.
As an option - the installation of two systems, one works for air conditioning, the second, connected to the boiler, will heat and heat. This option is more expensive, since it requires the installation of two chillers. Setup will be carried out separately.
Multizone split systems are the most expensive to install and maintain. Apart from the cost of work, the price of equipment for an object of 5000 square meters. m comes to 400 thousand dollars.
Two-pipe and four-pipe systems
Installers when installing a fan coil recommend a four-pipe system, because it is universal. All processes are controlled by the chiller - both heating and cooling.
If a two-pipe simplified system was installed at first, you can subsequently draw another circuit and connect the pipes to the heating element. To draw an additional circuit, you have to disassemble the ceiling, which is not always convenient. The second circuit becomes independent of the chiller, as it is connected to the boiler.
Advantages of the systems:
- The fan has a temperature sensor and operates at different intensities in accordance with the settings of the chiller.
- Minimal risk of an accident. Pipelines have shutoff valves that prevent flooding.
- All harmful substances are located in the chiller, which is usually mounted outdoors. The system is environmentally friendly.
- An unlimited number of indoor units are installed.The main thing is that their total capacity does not exceed the capacity of the chiller.
- The ability to connect fresh air from the street.
Minuses:
- It will not be possible to completely get rid of the noise created by the fans. The only way out is soundproofing.
- The high cost of equipment.
- A large amount of preparatory adjustment work.
Three-pipe fan coils have one heat exchanger, to which 2 circuits are supplied - with hot and cold water. Spent liquid leaves one pipe.
Next, you need to choose what type of fan coil it is advisable to install in the room.
Characteristics of indoor units
By the method of placement, the following types of fan coil are distinguished:
- cassette
- channel;
- wall mounted;
- floor and ceiling.
Properly choosing the equipment, you can achieve a constant climate and comfortable working or living conditions.
Cassette-type fancoil
Suitable for office or apartment with high ceilings. The body of the device is mounted in a suspended ceiling. The visible part is a decorative grille. The advantages of such indoor units:
- save space on the wall and floor;
- air flows diverge in all directions, evenly cooling each section of the room;
- connected to the duct to circulate fresh air.
With cassette models, a three-way valve is installed, completely stopping the flow of cold or hot media. Two-way in this case is not very effective, since it does not completely overlap the pipes. Cooling takes place further, but with less intensity.
Wall-mounted fan coil
The cantilever units are clad in a decorative case and mounted directly on the wall. They differ in power and price. Depending on the type of system (two-pipe or four-pipe) they can work both for heating and cooling. Additional functions are possible: humidification, air purification, drainage.
Channel type fancoil
Installed inside the ventilation ducts. Serve those rooms to which the ventilation shafts stretch. They are produced without shells, as they are usually hidden. In the workshops, such models are connected openly under the ceiling. Repairs and cleaning activities are carried out through access points.
They differ from cassette in that a duct network departs from the channel closer through which cooling and ventilation take place. Cassette tapes have only one such point. Thus, they are convenient to use in rooms with low ceilings. Management is via a wall-mounted remote control, which is difficult to lose or crush.
For ducted devices, the most important technical indicator is the fan head, since it is he who moves the air masses inside the mines.
Fans are:
- low pressure;
- medium pressure;
- high pressure.
The choice of fan depends on the location of the grill - the closer the fan coil is to the grill, the lower the fan performance. High-pressure fans make loud noises, therefore it is recommended to carry out sound insulation measures or install them in technical rooms.
Floor fan coil
Devices can be placed both on the wall and under it. It is connected in two ways - to the floor and to the wall. If ceiling models cannot be installed, floor-standing models can be dispensed with, which operate in two modes and are smaller in size than radiators.
Ceiling fancoil
This is a floor unit, which is installed under the ceiling. The small height of the device allows the use of such models in rooms with a low distance from the floor to the ceiling.
Models of fan coil units are produced by manufacturers in two versions - case and open-frame. The second is cheaper, but not inferior in quality. Mounted hidden or open. The cassette and channel models are produced without frames.
Criteria and features of the choice
To choose a suitable system for a private house, office space or a trading floor with a large number of rooms, the following points are provided:
- Chiller performance It is calculated with a margin so that all internal fan coils work fully, based on their power.
- Performance indoor units. The total capacity does not exceed the maximum performance of the chiller.
- The power of the hydraulic module is a pumping station that controls the circulation of the coolant. A weak pump is not able to move large masses of water or propylene glycol, therefore, it is calculated simultaneously with all the other equipment mentioned above. The hydraulic module works from the chiller settings, increasing or decreasing the speed of water movement to maintain the set temperature.
- The power of the device corresponds to the length of the water lines.
It is worth paying attention to the manufacturer of the products. Russian fan coil models are cheaper, but have already proven themselves on the good side - durable materials, assembly, the availability of service centers and specialists working with domestic equipment. Imported devices are reliable and durable with proper installation and maintenance, but their cost is higher. With a limited budget, an equivalent model can be chosen among Russian suppliers.
In production rooms, a backup system is usually installed in case of breakdown of the main device, 2 fan coil units are mounted in each room. The backup system is connected to the second chiller.
For the selection of climate control equipment, it is better to contact specialized centers that will help calculate the power, taking into account the parameters of the room and the installation possibilities.
