The domestic-made cast iron modernized KCHM boiler is a solid competitor to Western units. It is unlimitedly used for heating homes, cottages, summer cottages, industrial facilities. The equipment serves from 25 to 30 years, subject to operating rules. Solid fuel boiler runs on wood, coal, peat, after a simple conversion uses gas, oil, electricity.
About the manufacturer
Kirov plant for the production of sanitary and heating equipment was founded in 1745 by the brothers Zolotarev and Faleev. Merchants and industrialists laid the first workshops of the hammer factory on the river in the Kaluga province.
The small enterprise gradually developed into a large company that uses advanced technologies in its work together with the time-tested features of iron casting. Modernization of assembly lines and the use of labor of highly qualified specialists brings the quality of units to a high level. Since 2006, the company has been a member of Santo-Holding OJSC.
Hardware Feature
The advantage of modernized cast iron equipment is its versatility. Boilers are produced for working with solid fuels, but are converted into gas units or work on oil processing. Re-equipment is carried out without impressive material costs - a set of parts is purchased, which are mounted on their own.
The burner is installed within half an hour and is just as quickly dismantled when returning to firewood or coal. Boilers are manufactured in Russia, so spare parts are purchased without problems at a low price. Models differ in technical characteristics and are suitable for work in a private house or industrial workshop.
The device of KCHM boilers
The universal unit is installed in gravity-fed open heating systems and closed mains with a circulation pump.
The equipment includes structural elements:
- heat exchanger sections, their number depends on the modification;
- ash, loading and leveling chamber with doors for controlling traction and oxygen supply;
- chimney pipe on the back wall with a damper to coordinate the flow of combustion products.
The casing of the unit is covered with a layer of thermal insulation to prevent cooling. The temperature is regulated by a temperature sensor, which is located in the middle part.
Advantages and disadvantages
The design does not have complex parts, it is easily repaired and cleaned. Efficiency reaches 77-79%.
The main positive qualities:
- long service life;
- reliability and versatility;
- always good draft of smoke, thanks to the automatic regulator;
- wide selection of power;
- high working pressure;
- low cost.
The disadvantages include the lack of an electric factory heating element in the design. Units are not intended for servicing both the heating main and the hot water circuit at the same time. The boiler has a large weight and significant dimensions.
Technical characteristics of KCHM boilers
Powerful models are equipped with an automatic valve to protect against overpressure in emergency situations.
The main characteristics of the boiler:
- width and height of the case 75 x 110 cm, the unit weighs up to 240 kg, wall thickness - 12 mm;
- water is heated in the heat exchanger to + 95 ° C, the fluid pressure is 0.4 MPa;
- number of sections from 3 to 7;
- a firebox of a smaller model with 3 sections - 35 l, and in a 9-section unit increased to 155 l;
- coal consumption, depending on capacity, ranges from 2.2 to 9.1 kg / h.
In large furnaces, 20 kg of fuel is simultaneously loaded, while the boiler runs continuously for 10 - 12 hours.
Boiler power
The combustion chamber generates about 26-40 kW of thermal energy, at the output of the heater there is a power of 21-36 kW.
This makes it possible to heat the area:
- 3-section units - up to 200 m2;
- 4-section - 200 - 300 m2;
- 5-section - 300 - 400 m2;
- 6-section - 400 - 500 m2;
- 7-section - 500 - 600 m2;
- 8-section - 600 - 700 m2;
- 9-section - up to 800 m2.
The number of cast-iron compartments determines the power of the heating equipment.
The principle of operation of KCHM boilers
The structure of the furnace limits the air supply inside. The fuel is loaded into the working chamber and burns under the conditions of rarefied oxygen, as a result, coke oven gas is released. The design of the chimney allows the combustion products to further participate in the heating before being brought out. Fuel is used efficiently, and the volume of non-combustible residues is reduced.
Sometimes a leak appears on the nipple joints - this indicates a weakening of the nuts. The malfunction is eliminated by pulling the hardware. If condensation forms on the walls of the sections, depressurization has occurred due to the fault of the manufacturer or user. A consultant is invited. Reflectors of loading and shurovochny doors, a guard, an ignitor, a thermocouple and a temperature regulator quickly wear out in a copper.
Rules for installation and operation
The unit is placed in a separate room with forced ventilation and smoke exhaust system. A base is concreted under the boiler, the surface of which is horizontal.
Rules for installing equipment:
- the distance to combustible objects and walls made of flammable materials is not less than 40 cm;
- unallocated space in front of the boiler - at least 3 m, and the gap to the load-bearing walls is made from 25 cm;
- the diameter of the exhaust pipe varies in the range of 155 - 210 mm depending on the power of the unit, and the height of the chimney is 5 m.
The air supply at the time of start-up is regulated by a flap at the top of the pipe, this element also coordinates the intensity of carbon monoxide exhaust during operation. The boiler works effectively on anthracite fraction 50 - 60 mm, while the flow rate per hour is 3 kg. Larger fractions (up to 80 mm) require stronger traction.
It is allowed to load mixed mixtures with the addition of sawdust, apply coal and peat briquettes, finely granulated mass. Raw fuel is not recommended.
Types of KCHM boilers for housing
Units with automated solid fuel combustion are used for heating private buildings, farm buildings and communal buildings, in which there are mains with forced or natural circulation of the coolant.
Cast iron boiler is selected depending on the area of construction. Powerful equipment in a small space leads to heat loss.
KCHM Micro
The unit includes three cast-iron sections, its power is 17 kW on anthracite and 14 kW on wood. A boiler is purchased for heating a house with an area of up to 200 m2. The efficiency reaches 79%, and the volume of the combustion chamber is 30 liters.
Estimated consumption of conventional fuel - 2.2 kg / h. Case dimensions 630 x 400 mm, water compartment volume - 16 l, unit weighs 158 - 162 kg.
Cfm 5
The boiler is available with several options for the number of sections, a draft regulator is provided in the design. The equipment is intended for buildings with a total area of 300 - 500 m2, with a capacity of up to 50 kW. The efficiency of the unit is not less than 78.8%. The volume of the combustion compartment is 95 liters. The draft regulator makes it possible to save fuel due to its long burning.
