When choosing a heating system, it is imperative to consider what material the building is made of and whether heaters were used in its construction. The insulated design retains warm air better. The closest attention is paid to the fire hazard of the room. Installations where failures are easily triggered by fire should not be placed.
Heating system options
Systems can be classified according to the criteria used for their functioning resources. Different heat carriers and energy sources can be used in installations.
Depending on coolant
Heating in the country can be realized through various types of coolants. The most widely used:
- water vapor;
- air masses;
- liquids.
Based on an energy source, the following heating options for a country house are distinguished:
- gas;
- solid fuel (firewood, coals);
- liquid (for example, diesel);
- electric.
Speaking about liquids, it should be noted: it is not recommended to use automobile antifreeze for the heating system, since its composition is not suitable for these purposes. A popular option is antifreeze.
If we compare the cost of fuel, it will be the lowest for gas, the highest for diesel. Firewood is also considered to be a traditionally economical option, but in practice this is not always the case: in some places a little resources are spent on extraction and storage, in others it is necessary to regularly order the delivery of fresh fuel.
Piping layout definition
The choice of the scheme determines the next steps for calculating the parameters of its components and their acquisition. There are options with one and two pipes.
Single tube
The system is characterized by the greatest ease of installation. When choosing it, the user saves resources, since he does not have to purchase additional pipes and other components. But it is effective only when working with small living areas (less than 100 m2). When used in a large house, part of the premises will experience a heating deficit.
Double pipe
This installation provides high-quality heating of large residential areas, including two-story houses. Air masses can be allowed to circulate freely or controlled through a special pump. The use of vertical risers is recommended. If the roof has steep slopes, apply horizontal wiring in order to heat the attic space will not work. In this case, it is better to use a circuit with free circulation with the installation of the lower or upper wiring. If it is decided to place the boiler in the basement, the smoke pipe should be high (10 m or more).
Criterias of choice
Choosing the method by which the cottage will be heated, one has to take into account a number of factors:
- cash costs for the required equipment: cylinders, batteries, heaters, etc.
- spending on coolant reserves;
- the cost of installation work and regular maintenance of the installation.
It takes into account how often the owners come to the country. There is no need to heat it year-round if the raids occur several times a year.
The most economical ways
The simplest option for heating a cottage, which does not require a significant investment of resources, is to use a stove with wood or coal heating.The main requirement in this case is the presence of a quality chimney. The method attracts people by the availability of fuel, the lack of the need to conduct electricity and low heat carrier costs. In the summer, the need to use the furnace is rare, and in other seasons it is drowned as needed, depending on the frequency of visits.
To obtain maximum efficiency with a small amount of fuel, it is advisable to stock up firewood from hornbeam, oak or beech. A multifunctional potbelly stove is suitable for a country house. The use of a slow-burning boiler will also help save money: in such a device, firewood smolders for a long time at a low temperature, while simultaneously emitting gases.
Heating methods
To select the type of installation, you need to have an idea of how to heat a summer house, their advantages and weaknesses. These data are correlated with characteristics such as fire hazard at home and the availability of fuels.
Wood stove
You can buy for the construction of steel or cast iron. The second option retains heat better and lasts longer. A traditional brick oven will also do the job well. It can cook food or warm water, which is a plus for those who often come to the cottage in the cold season. Before purchasing the unit, it is recommended that you consider the organization of the smoke discharge.
Some cast iron stoves provide the possibility of using not only firewood, but also coal. From time to time, fuel needs to be thrown up: when the combustion ceases, the case soon cools down. In some designs, it is possible to increase the heat capacity by installing ribbed parts or laying ceramic tiles. You can choose a model equipped with a hob.
The main disadvantage of stove heating is the need to constantly monitor the state of the unit: to monitor the flow of fuel, regularly remove decay products. Also, the design takes up a lot of space.
Gas heating
This method is suitable when connected to a gas pipeline. Advantages - high efficiency and speed - even a large room heats up in 15 minutes. Unlike a stove, it is not easy to install a gas heater with your own hands without the appropriate skills, and the operation of an incorrectly assembled installation can provoke an explosion. Therefore, the best thing you can do when choosing this method is to invite specialists to install.
Electric heating
Suitable if the cottage is connected to the mains. You will need to purchase a special device - an electric converter. For large houses, they buy several devices and place them in rooms. When air passes through the device, it heats up and expands. You can use the converter as the main method of heating or additional.
Combined boilers
The advantage of this choice is the ability to use different types of fuel, and the choice is not limited to firewood and coal: the installation also works on electricity. Management is carried out by remote control. This is convenient when the owners for a long time live in the country, while often leaving the house. The temperature is set sufficient to prevent freezing of the rooms, and in the absence of tenants, the unit will operate from the mains. Some models of electric boilers are equipped with a hob - such a device can be placed in the kitchen and used for culinary purposes.
Other heating methods
An economical and easy-to-use option is the use of infrared film elements operating from the mains and transmitting radiation energy to the heated surface, from which heat is transferred to the air. It is easy to mount the film yourself by placing it on decorative coatings on the floor, ceiling or walls.However, there are limitations: you cannot install elements on fabric and metal-containing coatings (for example, on foil), on PVC panels and stretch ceilings.
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- IR film
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- Electroconvector
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- Combined boiler
Installation of heating appliances
It is advisable to start with the installation of the boiler and from it to lead the line to other components. Depending on the features of the selected model and the internal structure of the house, you can install the unit in the kitchen, in the hall or in a specially allocated room. The latter option is preferable when burning with coal - this will not allow soot and soot to penetrate into other rooms.
Radiators
You can purchase suitable radiators in a specialized store or via the Internet with delivery to your destination. You can choose products from a Russian manufacturer or give preference to foreign models. Before purchasing, it is important to calculate the required power of the devices. For installation, hardware components and a punch are required.
Pipes
From the boiler lead back, observing the desired angle. The supply wiring extends above the return pipes. The connection method is determined by the material from which the pipeline is made.
System pressure
When the unit is operating under pressure, the pressure gauge is monitored - the parameter should not decrease by more than 0.2 kgf / cm2 in a quarter of an hour. It is also important to monitor for leaks and sudden noises during operation.
When considering options for heating a country house, readily available coolants are taken into account: it is possible that diesel, coal or other fuel is purchased in nearby areas. Even in remote areas, electricity is connected, which will make it possible to organize an economical heating installation.
