To organize the heat supply of a house with a small area, various options can be considered. One of them is the installation of heating according to the Leningradka scheme. Its feature is ease of installation and a minimum set of required materials. But for this you need to know the specifics of heating a private house by Leningradka with your own hands: schemes and calculation of the necessary parameters.
Features of the heating system Leningradka
This system got its name thanks to the city where it was first applied. Its development was due to the need to create simple and cheap heat supply. It is because of these qualities that home heating Leningradka has not lost its relevance to this day.
In fact, this is an example of a classic single-tube heating system. The coolant moves from the boiler along one line to which radiators are connected in series. The absence of a return pipe allows you to install the Leningradka heating system in rooms with a small area. This fact makes the system more than attractive for country houses and cottages. But before choosing such a heat supply scheme, it is necessary to analyze its “pros” and “cons”.
The heating layout in Leningradka has one significant drawback - a decrease in the temperature of hot water as it moves. This is due to the fact that heat transfer occurs during sequential passage through radiators. Those. heating by Leningradka in a private house with their own hands will in any case have an uneven thermal distribution. The farther the radiators are from the heating boiler, the lower their temperature.
In addition to this factor, it should be noted such features that steam heating Leningradka has:
- It is difficult to expand the coverage area of heat supply. To do this, increase the duration of the closed heating circuit. In fact, you have to completely leave the job for a long time. Otherwise, the one-pipe heating system of Leningradka cannot be upgraded;
- Adjustment of degree of heating of radiators. In two-pipe systems, this problem was solved by installing a thermostat. The correct connection of heating radiators in Leningradka should include the installation of bypasses. Only with their help it is possible to reduce or increase the flow of coolant into the battery without reducing the parameters of the entire system;
- Low maintainability. When they fail, a pipe or radiator section can be replaced or repaired only after the heat supply is completely turned off. The classical scheme of water heating by Leningradka does not provide for a partial restriction of the flow of hot water in certain areas.
But all these shortcomings are eliminated by the main advantage due to which the Leningradka heating system for a two-story house is still popular - low cost. Together with the ease of installation, it is perhaps the only option for budget heat supply at home. But for its implementation, it will be necessary to carefully study possible options for arrangement. The scheme of a one-pipe heating system Leningradka is not one - you can always choose the most optimal one.
Many reviews of Leningradka heating indicate a possible modernization of the system in a two-pipe system. To do this, it is enough to draw a return line and connect radiators to it.
Types of piping in heating Leningradka
The correct drawing up of a home heating scheme Leningradka begins with the choice of piping wiring. This directly depends on the initial parameters of the system, its type and method of circulation of the coolant.
First of all, the total heat supply area and the number of storeys of the building are determined. The wiring of the mains in a single-pipe heating system Leningradka should solve the only problem - ensuring the delivery of coolant to radiators. They, in turn, provide the room with heat.
To solve this problem, it is necessary that the level of cooling of hot water is minimal. That is why it is necessary to take into account not only the total area of the house, but also its number of storeys.
The choice of mounting the Leningradka heating system can be made from the following options:
- Vertical pipe routing. This scheme is applicable for two-story houses. In fact, the building will have several risers that connect to a common pipe located at the highest points of the system. Installation of such heating by Leningradka in a private house is time-consuming, since it is necessary to run pipes through the floor;
- Horizontal pipe routing. For installation according to this scheme of water heating Leningradka will require significantly less effort. But the lack of a vertical booster riser affects the speed of the coolant. Therefore, a Leningradka heating system with a pump is often found.
Another advantage of horizontal heating distribution in Leningradka is the possibility of hidden installation of highways in the floor. In a vertical scheme, this is almost impossible, since it will be necessary to make gates on the load-bearing wall of the house, which is a gross violation of the rules.
The diameter of the pipes does not depend on the selected wiring diagram. The determining indicator is the type of heating - with forced or natural circulation.
Open heating Leningradka
Initially, the schemes of a single-pipe heating system of Leningradka were developed for an open type of heat supply with natural circulation. This approach allows you to make a fully non-volatile heating system without a mandatory connection to the mains. An exception may be only the boiler used.
For this scheme of steam heating Leningradka characterized by a high inertia. The movement of the coolant through the pipes directly depends on the degree of its thermal expansion. Basically, this process takes place in an overclocking vertical drain, which is connected immediately after the boiler. This circumstance determines the use of vertical piping for the gravitational heating system Leningradka for a two-story house.
An important point is the correct selection of pipes and material for their manufacture. Calculation of the Leningradka heating system with your own hands is recommended to be done according to the standard scheme. First, the heat loss of the building is determined, then a boiler with the appropriate power is selected. To minimize hydraulic losses, which will significantly affect the speed of the coolant, you should calculate the Leningradka heating system with your own hands using special programs.
But besides this, attention is paid to such aspects of the organization of single-tube open-type heating with natural circulation:
- Booster riser height. It should be at least 2.2 m. This problem is not essential for the installation of a heating system Leningradka for a two-story house;
- Pipe diameter. For heating with natural circulation, it is best to use large diameter pipes - from 32 to 40 mm. It is also recommended the installation of polymer lines because of their smooth inner surface;
- Maximum piping length. It can be no more than 30 m.Otherwise, even with an ideal connection of heating radiators in Leningradka, the speed of movement of hot water will significantly decrease and the system will be thermally unbalanced;
- Boiler Installation Requirements. For proper operation of the heat supply, the boiler must be below the level of radiators. This is necessary to create a proper indicator of the pressure of the cooled coolant with a higher specific gravity for hot. As a result, the natural circulation of water will improve.
If, for a number of reasons, implementing such a scheme of water heat supply by Leningradka is problematic, you can add a circulation pump to the system. This will allow not to make the required slope of the pipes, provide a normal speed of movement of hot water and stabilize the heat distribution.
The expansion tank in the heating system Leningradka with the pump should be at the highest point. In addition to the function of compensating for the thermal expansion of water, it can be used to control the level of coolant, as well as to fill the system.
Indoor heating Leningradka
For the installation of home heat supply Leningradka in a one-story house or apartment, it is best to use indoor heating schemes. They differ from the gravitational obligatory installation of a circulation pump. But besides this factor, there are other distinctive features.
The main advantage of the closed distribution of heat supply Leningradka is the absence of an accelerating riser. This makes it possible to install horizontal lines without taking into account their inclination. This technique allows to improve the circulation of water in the system, to increase its reliability and the efficiency index. In addition to these factors, reviews of heating in Leningradka indicate a lower consumption of pipelines. This significantly affects the cost of the entire project.
The principle of operation of the closed water heat supply scheme by Leningradka differs from the open one. In it, the temperature expansion of the coolant is practically not affected by its thermal expansion. The proper level of circulation is ensured by the pump. Experts recommend paying attention to the following features of the Leningradka heating system with a pump:
- Improving the speed of heating the air in the room. This is due to the fact that warm water begins to circulate through pipes even before reaching the highest temperature. Thus, the inertia of the system is reduced;
- Increased reliability. The absence of direct contact of water with air reduces the percentage of oxygen in the coolant. This favorably affects the reliability and time-lapse-free operation of the metal components of the system;
- Possibility to install small diameter pipes. For the installation of heat supply by Leningradka in a private house, pipes with a diameter of 16 to 30 mm are used with their own hands. This practically does not affect the speed of the coolant and hydraulic losses;
- Possibility of concealed installation of pipelines. To do this, you do not need to make mounting grooves in the walls - just lay the trunk under the floor. But at the same time, it is necessary to provide for the connection of radiators to heating to Leningradka. In addition, to control the operation of the system, inspection hatches are made in the places of branching of pipelines.
To complete the one-pipe heating system of the Leningradka closed type, an expansion tank, a safety group and pressure and temperature control devices are required.
The scheme of a one-pipe heating system of Leningradka provides for the installation of bypasses on heating radiators. They are necessary to regulate the heat transfer of the batteries, and also allow you to repair or replace this element without stopping the entire system.
Tips for installing heating Leningradka
The installation diagram of the Leningradka heating system directly depends on the selected type and accessories.The most difficult is the installation of open-type gravitational heat supply. For him, a number of prerequisites must be met.
First of all, an accurate layout of all devices is compiled. It also indicates the parameters of components - dimensions, installation methods, etc.
All the characteristics of the Leningradka heating system are preliminarily calculated - the temperature regime of operation, the velocity of the coolant.
These data are decisive in the preparation of the heat supply scheme. Only after this preliminary stage can you begin installation.
During installation, special attention should be paid to such nuances:
- Mandatory pipe slope. It runs from the riser towards the radiators and from the last battery to the boiler. The slope of the pipes should be 1 cm per meter;
- Installation of the expansion tank. It is located at the top of the system, after the riser riser. Its volume for a 24 kW boiler should be 15 l;
- Installation of pipelines in a two-story house. To comply with security measures when passing the highway through the floors, it is necessary to install additional sleeves. They will protect the walls and ceiling from direct contact with the hot pipe;
- Mounting the bypass in the radiator harness. Their advantages have been described in detail above. This simple element will improve the reliability and comfort of operation of the Leningradka heating system.
During the preparation of the heating scheme for piping, it is recommended to avoid a sharp drop in height. This can lead to an increase in hydraulic resistance, as well as cause air congestion.
For a visual familiarization with the heating system of Leningradka, it is recommended to see the contents of the following video material:
