The operation of a centralized heat supply system is often associated with a violation of the thermal regime and many emergency situations. Therefore, many think about the individual heating of an apartment in an apartment building. But for this it is necessary to know the rules for issuing permits, select the appropriate components for the system and complete its installation.
The advantages of individual heating in the apartment
It should be immediately noted that individual autonomous heating implies responsibility for the safety of the system, as well as relatively high initial costs. But even with an approximate economic calculation, it will be more profitable than district heating services.
A professionally organized individual apartment heating system has one definite advantage - uninterrupted operation. This property provides the proper level of heating in the rooms, regardless of the air temperature in the street. It is only important to choose the right boiler power and install radiators on the walls in those places where the greatest heat loss is observed.
In addition to this factor, it should be noted such advantages that the individual heating scheme of an apartment has:
- The ability to independently adjust the temperature in the rooms. This leads to lower heating costs. During the absence of tenants, you can set a minimum level of heating water in the pipes. If there is a remote control system, heating is activated via SMS;
- Reduced operating costs. For this, it is necessary to install individual gas heating in the apartment. The use of modern gas condensing boilers or models with a modular burner is recommended. Thus, the energy consumption will be optimal;
- Organization of hot water supply. Modern boilers have in their configuration a second circuit for domestic hot water. In most cases, it works autonomously. Those. even in the non-heating season it is possible to heat water for household needs.
However, in practice, you may encounter some difficulties. Switching to individual heating must be carried out in accordance with legal grounds in compliance with all requirements. To do this, you should familiarize yourself with the steps, since you can only get individual heating in an apartment if you know all the subtleties and nuances.
Even in the absence of a gas main, you can disconnect from the centralized heat supply system. An alternative way to heat a living room is to do individual electric heating in the apartment with your own hands.
Disconnect from central heating
Before you begin collecting the necessary documents, you should read the law on individual heating in the apartment. The norms and procedure for the transition to this type of heat supply are described in document No. 190. In addition, you will need to read article No. 26 of the Housing Code.
The main task is to collect all the necessary documentation. In most cases, individual gas heating in an apartment building can only be done by obtaining permission from all residents of the house.Disconnecting one apartment from the network can lead to a malfunction in the rest of the central heating supply.
In addition, you need to know who owns the components of the system - pipes and radiators. If they relate to common ownership, an authorization document must be drawn up at the general meeting of residents. Otherwise, it is impossible to obtain permission to install individual heating in the apartment.
It is important to know that unauthorized disconnection from the house network is strictly prohibited. The result of this may be a monetary fine and the payment of compensation for a malfunction in the system. How to make individual heating in an apartment building if the heating network is not common house property? Even in this case, you must obtain permission from the Management Company. In addition, the dismantling of district heating belongs to the category of redevelopment. This information should be entered in the registration certificate of the apartment. An exception is new buildings with individual heating.
After obtaining a preliminary permit, according to the law on individual heating in an apartment, the following documents should be prepared:
- Statement. Composed in any form. It indicates that the owner of the living space wants to make an individual heating system for the apartment, and for this it is necessary to disconnect from the central one;
- Original technical data sheet. It indicates the location of pipelines and radiators;
- Consent of residents. It is only necessary if the system is in the common house ownership. Without it, obtaining permits for the installation of individual autonomous heating is impossible;
- The decision on the possibility of remodeling the apartment. Issued by the Management Company or Housing Office. It indicates that the installation of individual gas heating in the apartment will not affect the operability of the central system of the house.
Then, after obtaining permission by the representatives of the public utilities, the components of the district heating are dismantled. Only at the end of this stage can we proceed to the design of individual gas heating in an apartment building.
It is important even before making a decision on arranging individual heating to choose a boiler model, and most importantly - the type of energy carrier. The best option is gas heating. But from the point of view of designing individual heating in an apartment, it is the most difficult. On average, the time to obtain permission can take from 3 to 6 months. An alternative is the services of private specialized companies that will take on most of the paperwork.
Data on the heating of the apartment are in Appendix III of the technical passport. They must be provided for the installation of individual heating in an apartment building.
The procedure for designing gas individual heating
After receiving a positive decision to disconnect from the district heating, you can proceed with the collection of the rest of the documentation. To do this, you will need to apply for the installation of individual heating in the apartment.
First, you need to draw up a working draft of heat supply. To do this, contact the company with which the gas supply contract has been concluded. They will determine the opportunity to make individual heating in an apartment building for a building with specific technical data.
Most often, the question arises about the required pressure in the gas line. If it is not designed to ensure the operation of a gas boiler, there is a high probability of failure. In this case, you should choose an alternative scheme for individual heating of the apartment. Often this is the installation of an electric boiler or film heating.
Almost all reviews of apartments with individual heating indicate the complexity of this stage of registration. Therefore, to reduce the likelihood of errors in collecting the necessary documentation, the following data should be provided to the gas company:
- Technical passport, which indicates that the apartment is already disconnected from the district heating;
- Identity documents - passport, TIN;
- Receipts for payment of services for the provision of technical specifications and design work. They can be obtained from the gas company;
- Confirmation of payment for the adaptation of the gas system for installing individual heating in an apartment building;
- A copy of the boiler passport and detailed installation instructions.
Having received permission for the installation of heat supply and mandatory technical conditions, you can proceed with the installation of the system. The parameters of all components must meet the required conditions. Otherwise, the commissioning of an individual heating system of the apartment will be impossible.
The gas boiler must be connected by companies that have all the necessary certificates. After that, representatives of the gas company conduct an inspection of the equipment and issue a permit to activate the system.
The law on individual heat supply in the apartment clearly states that for the arrangement it is allowed to install boilers with a closed combustion chamber and modern systems for removing carbon monoxide. Failure to comply with these conditions may lead to failure to install individual autonomous heating.
To complete the autonomous heating, you can not use an ordinary household gas meter. It will need to be replaced with another model designed for boilers.
Alternative electric heating in the apartment
The easiest way to organize individual heating in the apartment with your own hands is to install electric boilers or film heating. To do this, you only need to complete the first stage - disconnecting from the central system.
First of all, you need to choose a method of heating the apartment. To do this, you can consider two options for individual heating in the apartment, made by yourself. The traditional is to install water heat supply, where the electric boiler will perform the heating function of the coolant.
Such a system has several advantages - low inertia, the ability to install modern induction or electrode boilers. They will not require the design of individual heat supply in the apartment. An exception is models with a power of more than 9 kW. For their operation, a three-phase 380 V.
Installing IR film heating is relevant for apartments with a small area. It takes up little space, and is also characterized by ease of installation. The disadvantage of this system is the low inertia. First, objects falling into the area of film heat supply are heated. But at the same time, the installation of individual heat supply to the PLEN in an apartment building can be carried out on the walls or ceiling of rooms, which practically does not take up part of the living space.
Before starting installation, it is recommended that certain conditions be met. Unlike individual gas heat supply in an apartment, they are not mandatory, but experts advise them to adhere to:
- Separate power cable from the distribution block. This will stabilize the load on the power grid in the house;
- RCD installation. In new buildings with individual heating of an electric type, this device is mounted by default;
- Installation of a two-tariff meter. If the so-called grace hours will work most of the time, this will reduce financial costs. For individual gas heating in an apartment building this is not relevant.
In addition to these methods, there is another way to maintain a comfortable temperature level in the rooms. For this, it is necessary to make individual heat supply in an apartment building using electric convectors. But they are characterized by high energy consumption and, as a consequence, an increase in the cost of paying for electricity.
To increase the heat transfer of radiators in the scheme of individual heat supply of the apartment, it is recommended to install a reflective film on the wall. Penofol with a foil surface is best suited for these purposes.
Installation of individual heating in the apartment
The work of autonomous heat supply largely depends on the selected components and the correctness of their installation. When obtaining permission to transfer to individual heating, you need to think through these nuances in advance.
First of all, it is necessary to select system components with optimal technical and operational qualities. This applies to boilers, pipes and radiators. In the future, the choice will affect the complexity of installation and the ability to do it yourself.
In some new buildings with individual heat supply, only a gas or electric boiler is installed. The owner of the apartment must do all piping and installation of radiators on his own.
Some tips from professionals on choosing components of a heating system:
- Radiators. Since the operation of the heat supply will be stable, without pressure surges, aluminum radiators can be used. Bimetallic will be required only if the probability of water hammer is high;
- Pipes. Polypropylene pipelines are the best option for autonomous heat supply. Their installation is carried out using a special soldering iron. If in the future it is not planned to install heat supply, you can purchase the cheapest soldering iron. It is important that the set of nozzles matches the diameter of the pipes used;
- Control devices. For maximum autonomy of the system, it is recommended that you install a programmer and several remote temperature sensors, including outside. After setting up the system, it will work in automatic mode, adjusting the heating power.
Installation work must be done in advance, before the onset of the heating season. If mistakes were made during the drawing up of the circuit or during the installation, there will be time for their elimination.
If the apartment is on the first floor of the house, then to reduce heat loss it is necessary to insulate the floor. To do this, you can use polystyrene or mineral wool.
Reviews about individual heating in the apartment
Familiarization with reviews of apartments with individual heating will determine the relevance of the installation of this heat supply system. However, it is necessary to take into account their subjectivity and a number of individual factors specific to a particular clearance procedure:
- They thought about disconnecting from central heating for a long time. However, they started this only last year. All documents are executed independently. It is fortunate that in our apartment there is only one riser. In fact, the installation of the boiler and radiators was completed after 7 months from the start of the application for shutdown;
- Despite the fact that we installed individual heating in the apartment, we still have to pay for the central one. In ZhEK they said that this is the cost of heating the vestibule, entrance, etc. Although the amounts are so meager that they can not be compared with standard receipts;
- Autonomous heating in the apartment is very good. But if you leave for a long time, then the rooms freeze very much. A friend advised me to install a GSM prefix for remote switching on the boiler. Now I choose the right model.
Despite the large paperwork, autonomous heating in the apartment is much more profitable than central.When applying, it is important to correctly collect the entire package of documents and familiarize yourself with the current legislative acts. As a result, an efficient and economical heat supply system should be obtained.
The video footage details the advantages and disadvantages of autonomous heating in an apartment:
