The warmth of the room is given great attention. With uncomfortable temperature conditions in the house it will be impossible to live, therefore, already at the planning stage, a heating system is developed. To increase efficiency, additional insulation of walls, floors and ceilings is done. For this, various heaters are used - bulk, in the form of paints, mats and others. Before starting work, you should understand what a loose insulation is, how it works and in what conditions it is installed.
Varieties of bulk insulation
Materials from the group of bulk insulation are used when repair work has already been completed and it is necessary to fill the voids in the built structures. There are different types of insulation, which are characterized by the following parameters:
- degree of vapor permeability;
- material;
- weight;
- quality and durability;
- flammability;
- thermal insulation;
- price.
The place where the insulation will be installed also has an effect.
The most important parameter of bulk heat insulators is the material from which they are created. It can be polymers, clay, resin, stone chips and other natural and artificial materials.
Expanded clay
This is one of the oldest and most popular types of raw materials. It is actively used in modern construction as an insulator. It has an important advantage, which allows to simplify installation, - low weight and porosity. Loose expanded clay insulation is made from alloy clay. It is an environmentally friendly and safe raw material. It is steady against burning, does not enter chemical reactions, does not absorb water. Also, rodents, mold and fungi do not start in the expanded clay heat insulator. The disadvantages include the accumulation of moisture, which can lead to the destruction of the structure.
It is produced in three types - loose (sand), gravel and expanded gravel.
Expanded clay insulation is cheaper than analogues. It can be applied together with wood sawdust.
Granular polystyrene foam
Such a heater is also called polystyrene. It consists of a large number of balls, which, when loosened, lose their density and increase volume. It is used for insulation of ceilings, roofs, floors and cellular installation.
The positive qualities of bulk insulation for the ceiling and floor include the lightness of the material, resistance to moisture. Disadvantages - combustibility, toxicity, poor study of properties. Not suitable for use at high temperatures.
Vermiculite
The thermal insulator is based on mica. Due to this, a layered structure appears. During production, chemicals and impurities are not added to the insulation, so it can be used in residential buildings. Environmental friendliness, non-toxicity, incombustibility and safety allow to put a heat insulator even in children's rooms. Service life is unlimited.
Fungi and other pathogenic bacteria do not form in vermiculite. This is due to the fact that it evenly distributes moisture over the entire surface and displays it completely out.
Sawdust
Fill insulation is obtained from the remnants of recycled wood. Outwardly, it looks like wooden dust. Used for a long time to warm homes. Of the main disadvantages, moisture absorption can be distinguished. Over time, sawdust may become blocked from water. To reduce this effect, the material is mixed with other heat insulators.
For insulation, only small sawdust is used.They are obtained by working out on modern equipment with a high number of revolutions.
Cellulose insulation - ecowool
Ecological cotton wool is a mixture of shredded newsprint, antiseptics and flame retardants. Boric acid is used as antiseptics, and borax acts as a flame retardant. The absence of harmful and toxic substances makes ecowool filled with environmentally friendly raw materials for home insulation.
The main disadvantage limiting the mass use of ecowool is the rapid absorption of liquid. As a result, the insulation shrinks, so it is not used in regions with a high level of humidity. It can be used in the construction of complex structures, since the fibers of the cellulose heat insulator can fill the voids in the finish.
Granulated Foam Glass
The material is made of broken glass, which is crushed to tiny particles, melted and mixed with coal. During the process, carbon dioxide escapes, which is why air bubbles appear in the structure. The production price of such an insulator is high, therefore, the cost of the product itself is high. Because of this, foam glass is practically not used in private construction. Popular applications are industrial facilities and the construction of multi-storey buildings.
Insulation is made in bags in two fractions - granules and crushed stone. The advantages include incombustibility, resistance to water and steam, high compressive and bending strength. Light weight allows the use of material for insulation of ceilings. It can also be used to create cement mortars.
Aerated concrete chips
The composition of the material is a mixture of sand from aerated concrete blocks and porous gravel. Fractions from concrete crumbs come in different sizes, up to 3 centimeters. The forms are diverse, but this does not affect the quality of insulation.
Fill insulation for walls can also be used as an additional backfill to rid the room of noise. Aerated concrete chips well maintain the necessary humidity and air exchange. The price of the material is low, so it is often used for insulation of road surfaces.
When filling aerated concrete, a large amount of dust and small particles are formed, which enter the eyes and respiratory organs. Wear protective goggles and a respirator.
Perlite
It is made of molten volcanic ore at a temperature of 1000 ° C. When heating to such values occurs, water evaporates from the material and porosity appears. The volume of raw materials thus increases to 90%.
The resulting granules are able to pass steam, but do not absorb liquid. To insulate it was good, bitumen mining is additionally carried out. It allows you to glue particles into a single insulating structure. Also, incombustibility, chemical inertness are distinguished from the advantages. When warming a house, the material does not allow the use of a membrane, since dust is clogged in it.
Granular Penoizol
The material is known under other names: thermovata, foam insulation crumb. It is based on hardened urea resin. The polymer material is divided into small fractions of 10-15 mm in size. Granules of precisely this size retain their elasticity. Does not absorb liquid, does not burn. When grinding, it significantly increases its volume.
The main disadvantage is the complexity of installation. For work, you will need special equipment - a blowing machine, with the help of which the insulator is filled up.
The advantages of bulk insulation
High-quality insulation of the house is the basis of a comfortable stay. Therefore, it is important to pay enough attention to the material before choosing a heater.Bulk heat insulators have the following positive characteristics:
- minimal heat loss;
- resistance to sudden changes in temperature;
- minimum weight;
- environmental friendliness;
- Fire safety;
- long service life;
- ability to retain heat for a long time;
- ease of installation.
To make wall insulation with bulk basalt wool or other loose insulation, a special tool is not required. All work can be done by a home master without the help of professionals.
It is important to pay attention to the manufacturer of thermal insulation materials. A popular Russian company engaged in the supply of quality products is Ecover.
