Creating a productively functioning ventilation system in a room or the whole house is a complex process. Even if the owner of the house prefers to start installing the system on his own, all his actions should be based on accurately drawn up drawings and diagrams. Being in public places, on the evacuation plan during a fire, you can see schematic designations of ventilation.
What is the need for ventilation for the home? Is it not enough to open the windows for fresh air to enter the room?
Ventilation as an indispensable element in building a house
Together with the plan of the future home, the developer must provide a drawing of the ventilation systems, or the landlord must take up the solution of this issue, but the presence of such a system in the house is mandatory. Constant air circulation helps increase the life of the entire building, reduces the risk of fungal infections on the foundation and walls and provides residents with fresh air.
Do not worry about the possibility of ventilation in already built houses - this is acceptable, but it will bring a little more trouble.
The air supply systems in the room are conditionally divided into two types:
- Natural. It is created by the physical properties of air currents.
- Forced or mechanical. The air supply is thus designed for large areas, for a large number of inhabitants or for public places. It is created with the help of additional elements forcing air.
The system should cover not only the premises where in most cases a person is located, but also inaccessible places - an attic or basement. It is worth considering the fact that the entire ventilation system should not only provide an influx of fresh air, but also an outflow of the old.
Ventilation Design
You can draw up a drawing according to which further work will be done independently. Changes will need to be registered in the general plan of the house. But there is an opportunity to purchase a ready-made drawing from organizations specializing in the installation of ventilation, as well as entrust the entire business to professionals.
Installing a complex of supply and exhaust devices in a room requires an understanding of the schemes and symbols in the drawings. Misunderstanding and incorrect installation can lead to incorrect operation of the entire complex. In order to avoid the occurrence of errors, it is worthwhile to understand the symbols for ventilation in the drawings and diagrams provided by specialists.
Before you study the notation, you should understand the components of the complex using the example of a forced system:
- inertial and external gratings;
- Filters
- duct fans;
- air ducts;
- heaters and heat controllers;
- silencer;
- room temperature sensor.
Creating a project should be based on the characteristics of the entire building, the methods of air distribution and, of course, the wishes of the owner. The presence of additional elements leads to a rise in the cost of the entire project, so the budget may limit or expand the capabilities of the project.
Legend
Symbols that are used in relation to ventilation systems can be applied to such engineering structures as heating and sanitary systems, gas supply, power equipment.
The basis for any system is the duct.There are several types of them, which also differ in the designations on the diagrams.
| Name | Symbol on diagrams and drawings | additional characteristics |
| General designation |  |
|
| Round section |  |
|
| Rectangular cross section |  |
The second digit in the designation characterizes the height of the channel |
| Ventilation duct |  |
The second digit in the designation characterizes the height of the channel |
| Round section |   |
In the first case, it goes in the visible direction, in the second in the invisible |
| Rectangular cross section |   |
In the first case, it goes in the visible direction, in the second in the invisible |
| Flexible |  |
|
| Heat insulated |  |
|
| Flame retardant |  |
Numbers indicate fire resistance |
| Acoustic coating |  |
It can be located both inside and outside the system. |
Symbols of air ducts differ from its purpose. The following are examples of designations in sections of mines.
| Name | Designation |
| Supply | 1
2 |
| Exhaust | 1
2 |
| Recirculation | 1
2 |
| 1 - directed to the visible side, 2 - directed to the invisible side | |
Conventional graphic designation of ventilation systems and other engineering structures is regulated by GOST 21.206-93 and GOST 21.205-93. The development of new technologies and the continuous improvement of ventilation systems do not fully comply with established standards. Therefore, it is often possible to meet conventions not specified in these standards, developed individually by manufacturers.
Designations apply to additional elements of the system.
| Name | Designations | additional characteristics |
| Transitions |    |
Symmetric, asymmetric, from rectangular to circular |
| Bends |   |
|
| Knee |   |
With and without blades |
| Bifurcations |   |
Sharp and smooth |
| Branches |     |
Straight, angled, round, conical |
Additional elements of the complex can be indicated by other designations. Only the main ones are indicated here.
The core of the ventilation system is the supply and exhaust devices installed in its design. These items also have their own symbols.
| Name | Designation | additional characteristics |
| Air outlet |  |
|
| Air intake vent |  |
|
| Supply air distributors |  |
Round, 1-2-3-4 sided |
| Exhaust air ducts |  |
Round, 1-2-3-4 sided |
| Horizontal distributor |  |
Unilateral |
| Distributor |  |
Multilateral |
| Distributor |  |
Inclined jets |
System selection
Now that the basic schematic designations of the elements of the ventilation system of the house have become familiar, it's time to proceed with the installation. But on what method of providing the room with air to stop the choice of natural or supply and exhaust? Most today, thanks not only to the spread of supply and exhaust systems, but also due to increased productivity, opt for this form. The main difference between the two is cost. Installation of injection systems will cost the owners a significant amount, but its use will allow you to create a favorable indoor environment in the shortest possible time. In addition, it is worth considering the fact that the pumping structure in the off state provides natural ventilation of the room.
If necessary, the settings of such a system can be changed according to the preferences of the hosts. In the cold season, the incoming streams can be preheated by passing through the air ducts before reaching the premises, while on the contrary, they are cooled. In addition to adjusting the temperature, the air also passes through filtration.
Consumables calculation and installation
Before making the calculation, you need to firmly determine the type of system. It should be borne in mind that with a natural movement of 300 m³ / h of air, a channel with a cross section of 250x400 is required. With a mechanical method, the same volume will require a 160x200 channel in cross section.
Next, you need to determine the installation location of the elements of the complex. It is worth considering the possibility of further decorating the ventilation ducts or masking them, attractiveness. Metal pipes hanging from the ceiling are not attractive. The supply and exhaust system also requires a separate place where the main mechanism will be installed.
Next, you need to make a calculation, in accordance with all the design features of the premises.
The presence of a stove or fireplace in the house is not only providing the house with heat, but also additional natural ventilation of the room. The use of these devices for many centuries has allowed people to create a whole ventilation system in the house. Fresh air is supplied through open windows or doors, therefore, dense double-glazed windows can impede this process. Under the influence of various air temperatures, natural traction is created. Windy weather on the street, the presence of obstacles and turns between incoming and outgoing air can also increase or decrease traction.
Natural supply can also be created by installing supply air valves. They are present in modern plastic double-glazed windows. You can also optionally install such valves in the walls. The main disadvantage of such a system is the lack of control and the inability to adjust.
Installation of a ventilation system in the house will allow its residents to breathe fully, preserves the walls and foundation. And on what method of providing fresh air to stop - choose only to its owners. The main thing in installing the system is an understanding of the drawings, diagrams, and symbols of structural elements.
