The chimney is used to remove a mixture of gases from the combustion products of the fuel from the furnace. When it is clogged, the process of removing harmful substances is disrupted. Small debris entering the pipe can lead to a malfunction. To protect the structure, special peaks on the chimney are used. They come in different designs, may have an original design. You can create a cap on a pipe yourself according to existing drawings.
Hood design
The chimney canopy is a special device that is placed on the pipe to protect it from moisture, foliage, birds and other objects. Umbrellas have many variations in appearance, size and design. But the main elements, regardless of type, are:
- Protective umbrella on the chimney. It can be in the form of a cone, pyramid, semicircle or other geometric shape. The device is used to protect the pipe.
- Apron drip. It protects the chimney from drops that bounce off the umbrella. Helps protect the device from corrosion, mold and mildew, thereby extending its service life. It is applied to rectangular umbrellas.
- Brackets. These are metal plates connecting the visor and the apron. The fastening itself is carried out by welding.
The main types of protective elements for the pipe:
- Cap. So called tin plate, which overlaps the cross section of the pipe, protecting it from atmospheric precipitation. In this case, the smoke channel remains open.
- Umbrella. This is a cap with additional construction on it. The name is derived from a cone shape. It protects the pipe from precipitation and provides an effective output of combustion products.
- Flyugar. Unlike an umbrella, it also regulates traction. Able to rotate from gusts of wind. Smoke is removed along it along the axis, and 360 ° from the umbrella. It is installed on complex roofs with a high probability of oncoming air flows.
- Deflector. This is a device whose primary goal is to improve traction caused by improper installation or placement. Also protects the pipe from rain, birds and debris.
To create a visor with your own hands, use sheet metal, which is not subject to corrosion. It can be galvanized steel, aluminum, copper.
Varieties of visors
A wide selection of shapes and sizes of chimneys forces manufacturers to create different types of visors. The most common types are:
- Standard weather vane. This is a classic pyramid umbrella, which is made of sheet metal and fixed on brackets.
- Four-slope windsock. The top is a four-pitched roof. Commonly used for rectangular brick pipes.
- Semicircular umbrella. Used for installation on European-style roofs. It has low traction.
- Flat weather vane. Because of the flat roof, the snow does not roll, so the brackets are under increased load. There is a risk of deformation.
- Round weather vane with cone. Suitable for pipes with a circle in cross section. It does not have a drip.
Flyugars have additional elements that expand the functionality: these are dampers, double roofs, hinged doors. But if you create a cap on the chimney with your own hands, it is better to limit the use of additional components so as not to complicate the design and not reduce the efficiency of the system.
Advantages and disadvantages
In addition to protecting the chimney from external objects and precipitation, the hood affects the traction. The air moves horizontally or at an angle through the pipe, then it is divided and goes down. As a result, a low pressure zone is created where smoke from the furnace tends to get.
The main functions of the protective deflector:
- Protection against ingress of foreign objects into the pipe. It can be branches, foliage, birds, garbage. Thanks to the protective cover, the chimney will be less likely to clog and last longer.
- Protection against moisture, snow, precipitation. Due to the appearance of dampness in the pipe, favorable conditions will be created for the growth and spread of the fungus.
- Chimney optimization. In the case of the right design, you can increase the efficiency of the pipe by 10-15%.
- Additional ventilation of the room.
- Decor The product can decorate the roof and become an accent in the design of the house.
The appearance of the device is not the main selection criterion. A correctly selected cap should not create noise and vibration, nor cause reverse thrust.
The main task of the hood is obvious - protecting the chimney. But there are arguments against installing a visor on the pipe:
- Risk of obstruction of smoke and combustion products. An existing obstacle in the form of a roof will interfere with the effective removal of polluted air flow.
- Risk of traction reduction.
- In winter, ice can form on the visor, due to which the combustion products will return to the room and poison the air.
With the correct selection of caps, all the disadvantages will be eliminated. It is important to make a cap on the chimney with your own hands according to the instructions, and then correctly install the peak according to the norms of SNiP and safety.
An umbrella on a chimney pipe is not an eternal construction. Even a device made of durable, reliable material will lose its effectiveness over time. High temperatures and acidic components contained in the products of combustion, which destroy the metal, are particularly influential. Therefore, once every several years, it will be necessary to replace the nozzle with a pipe.
DIY visor
When installing and creating a hood, the following errors may occur:
- Incorrect measurements. Then the cap will fall into the cavity of the chimney and block the output of combustion products.
- The use of low-quality materials. The nozzle on the pipe quickly becomes covered with rust, which is why its service life will be significantly reduced.
- Choosing a rotating model in a region with cold and snowy winters. Snow can bring the appliance, because of which it will stop rotating and disrupt the process of removing smoke from the house.
To avoid these problems, you need to follow the instructions for creating and carefully take measurements from the chimney.
The process of creating a visor is not difficult. It is recommended to choose the simplest model of the umbrella for the chimney, otherwise it will require a larger number of calculations, which are difficult to do without the help of specialists.
For work, you need to prepare materials and tools. You will need sheet metal (it is better to take galvanized steel), a hacksaw for metal, bends, a welding machine, a marker, a ruler and cardboard.
The algorithm for creating a cap on the chimney pipe with your own hands:
- Chimney measurements.
- Creating a pattern of fungus in the chimney on cardboard. By pre-calculated standards, the outline of the future cap is drawn with an indent of 4-5 mm.
- Transfer of the drawing to metal.
- Cutting the workpiece.
- The fold lines marked on the workpiece must be bent. Where the joints are located, make 3 holes in increments of 15-20 mm and fix the visor with rivets.
- Transfer to a metal sheet of a pattern of an apron of a dropper. Creation of folds using a listogib. Connection of parts with rivets.
- Creation of brackets from metal plates. Welding them to an umbrella and apron. Processing of welding spots with a primer for metal.
- Drawing on the design of corrosion protection in several layers.
A homemade umbrella on the chimney should dry for 1-2 days, after which it can be used.
Selection recommendations
The safety of the room and the efficiency of the pipe depend on the selection of a suitable model. The main criterion is the type of boiler plant and the type of fuel on which it operates.
Brick stoves with a chimney having a rectangular section, a special hood is suitable - a deflector. In pipes of this type, a dangerous effect of turbulence can occur, which negatively affects the draft. Also, soot, soot and dust settle on the rough surfaces of brick pipes made of bricks, which also negatively affect smoke output. Thanks to the installation of the deflector, excess dirt will not enter the pipe, and evaporation of moisture will not increase the adhesion of the combustion products. An important factor is the timely cleaning of the chimney.
If a solid fuel boiler with a ceramic pipe or a chimney from a sandwich pipe is used, the problem of soot formation on the walls is significantly reduced. The draft directly depends on the height of the chimney. The creation of forced traction is required, otherwise you need to make a pipe up to eight meters high. Thanks to the deflector, the height can be reduced by 20%, and installation will be less labor-intensive.
If the boiler works on the principle of pyrolysis, it is better to put a visor with an open nozzle. Then the channel will be protected from debris and rain, but at the same time it will not be a barrier to the exit of low temperature smoke.
