The ventilation duct in the house performs an important function. It is a source of fresh air and removes stagnant air masses from the building. The process of air exchange must be carried out constantly, so you need to create ventilation. It should be in the kitchen above the stove, in the bathroom, basement and other rooms. You can install the hood in a private house yourself, it is only important to choose the right scheme and materials.
Types of ventilation
The ventilation system in the house is an essential and integral part. A large amount of time and effort is spent on its arrangement. There are two types of systems - exhaust and supply and exhaust.
Exhaust system provides free air circulation. Outside the air masses come out through forced intervention, and inside come in a natural way. In the case of a supply and exhaust circuit, a forced discharge and air flow into the room are created. Such a system is notable for its complexity of implementation and high price, therefore it is practically not applied in practice in small houses.
Both systems are divided into centralized and decentralized. In the first group, ventilation units are used that facilitate the circulation of air flows. The second puts several devices that work independently of each other.
What to do the hood in a particular house depends on its features. To find the best scheme, you can turn to professionals for help. They will take into account all the nuances and suggest the best option for arranging the hood.
Natural ventilation
The private house can be equipped with a natural circulation system. With the development of building materials, the full creation of such a scheme becomes difficult. The use of double-glazed windows, wall insulation prevent fresh air from entering from outside, due to which excess humidity and dampness may form in the room. It was possible to implement the scheme when old wooden windows were installed. It is also suitable for wooden structures.
The natural ventilation system works on the principle of vertical ducts. They are installed in the house at one end, and the second is taken out onto the roof. Warm air rises upward, is pushed through the channel, and in return a new fresh cold stream arrives. Such a scheme has many nuances that a person can not control: outdoor temperature, humidity, wind.
Efficient operation will be achieved at certain temperatures. Otherwise, the hood will work worse. Such exhaust systems are installed in bathrooms, toilets and kitchens, as well as other rooms where a large outflow of air is required. Particular attention is paid to rooms located below ground level (basement, cellar). They form radon gas, which must be removed. To do this, make a powerful ventilation duct for air outlet to the street.
There are many drawbacks to natural ventilation. It is impossible to regulate the air flow, airing the house by opening the windows can lead to illness of residents. Also, air masses can enter through the chimney. For this reason, it is better to install controlled hoods or improve natural ventilation by installing additional elements.
Ways to upgrade the circuit
The existing system for the apartment can be improved with your own hands.To do this, you need to purchase a special valve, which is mounted at the entrance to the channel. The device is automatic and able to respond to changes in external factors. When the values increase, the relay activates, the valve opens and more air enters the house. A sensor that detects changes is placed outside the house and detects the temperature and humidity of the environment.
Forced ventilation
Despite modernization, the natural circulation of air masses cannot work as efficiently as forced. This option requires more maintenance, but costs less. Special grilles with valves are placed at the exits of the ventilation duct, which manually regulate the outflow and air flow. Regulation also occurs when the outside temperature changes. The disadvantage is the destabilization of the entire ventilation system, in which air can enter from a channel in another room. It is also difficult to dismantle the system.
Forced ventilation is placed only in those houses where a sufficient amount of air mass is possible. This may be ground floors, basements and other rooms where there is a high risk of dampness. Fans can be connected to the circuit to improve performance.
Forced ventilation
Lack of fresh air is one of the most common problems in private homes. The situation can be corrected by installing a supply valve. It can be installed on an inclined hood. It performs the following functions:
- supply of fresh air to the house;
- noise reduction from the outside world;
- filtration - the device prevents small debris and pests from entering the channel;
- thermal insulation of the case, which reduces the likelihood of condensation;
- the ability to manually adjust the process.
On each ventilation duct you need to put such a device. There are schemes where one valve is used for centralized ventilation. The valve works depending on the temperature difference in the house and on the street. During forced exhaust operation, the adjustment is carried out manually.
Supply and exhaust circuit with recuperator
You can optimize the work by installing a recuperator. These are devices that heat the air that enters the room. Air masses do not mix. If it is hot outside, you can turn on the reverse cooling process.
Such systems have appeared recently, therefore their cost is high. Experts believe that such a technique will be used in the future as the main ventilation scheme.
DIY hoods
Before starting work, you must first create a ventilation plan in each room. It is necessary to decide where to hang the hood, if the gas pipe in the kitchen interferes, calculate the dimensions of the channels and purchase the necessary materials. Be sure to take into account the heating columns installed in the house, boilers and fireplaces.
After choosing the appropriate ventilation system and purchasing the appropriate materials, you can proceed with the installation work. First of all, the calculation of the required volume of air is carried out. The installation of channels and the selection of additional equipment depend on this criterion. When calculating, you need to consider the following nuances that will help to hang the hood correctly:
- Calculation of the maximum and minimum indicators of the received and given air. Calculations are made over the entire area of the house and must take into account all standards.
- One of the calculated values is taken as the minimum unit of performance of all channels.
- The result obtained is compared with the calculation of the height of the roof and the minimum length of the exhaust channels for the removal of air masses.
Ventilation ducts are mounted indoors. It is necessary to provide in advance a hole for the hood in the wall.
Next, the choice of the diameter of the ventilation duct begins. The criteria are as follows:
- The minimum diameter is 150 mm.
- If the conditions are ideal, this value allows you to get 30 cubic meters / hour of air mass. Ideal conditions include vertical installation and a length of 3 meters.
- To increase the flow, you need to make longer the length and cross section of the channel.
- The length of each channel within one floor should be the same. This will create a uniform distribution of air.
- The diameter of the channels is also chosen the same.
- The distance between the channels can be different. It depends on the need for more ventilation in a particular room.
If you create a hood in a wooden house, you need to consider that wood beams allow air to pass through. To do this, make additional sealing, for example, put plastic windows. Installation of the inclined hood can be done independently without the help of specialists.
