When drawing up a project, the ventilation of the basement of a private house is also calculated at the same time. The purpose of the basement should be taken into account: a gym or a storage place for winter seams, vegetables and other products.
Regardless of the purpose of use, basement ventilation is necessary. Otherwise, insufficient circulation of air masses will lead to the formation of mold and increase the level of humidity.
You can do the ventilation of the basement with your own hands, but the installation of complex ventilation systems will require the participation of specialists.
Ventilation device in the basement of a private house
It is designed to maintain an optimal microclimate in the premises and is a design that includes ventilation pipes for the basement or shaft of various sections and diameters.
There are two main types of ventilation systems:
- natural
- forced (exhaust or supply)
If there are partitions in the basement, ventilation holes are installed in each of them.
Forced ventilation system
The choice in her favor involves the installation of a supercharger and a fan for hoods. The first takes fresh air into the room, and the second takes out stagnant air masses.
Disadvantages:
- considerable expenses;
- complicated installation.
Benefits:
- does not depend on the weather on the street;
- allows you to adjust the air exchange.
Such a basement ventilation scheme can also have a more complex design, which includes heating, cooling, filtering, humidifying, or drying street air, depending on climatic conditions and time of year. Here you can not do without additional components: filters, electric furnaces, humidifiers and air conditioners. The choice of this type of basement ventilation requires its installation in all other rooms of the building as part of a single system.
With an area of more than 50 m and the intention to store vegetables in it, it is necessary to install forced ventilation of the basement with an extract. The most affordable option in this case will be the installation of two pipes: exhaust and supply.
Elements of such a system include:
- air vent;
- channels
- supercharger unit (air conditioning or stove);
- adjustable ventilation grill (diffuser);
- nodes for assembling branched systems (tees);
- air intake
Basement natural ventilation
There is no need to install fans for hoods and other devices, which allows you to install such ventilation yourself.
Includes three structural elements:
- supply channel;
- output channel;
- vents.
During the installation of ventilation, it should be understood that the traction force depends on the difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures. The air velocity is directly proportional to the temperature difference.
Benefits of natural basement ventilation:
- ease of installation;
- there are no complex devices that can fail and require maintenance; low cost;
- lack of electricity demand;
- does not make noise.
Its disadvantage is a decrease in efficiency at the same temperature inside and outside or a slight difference.
How to mount the ventilation
During the calculations it is necessary to determine the location of the two points of the ventilation system. The first is located at a height of 30 cm from the floor and is designed to enter the air flow. The second is done above the ceiling on the opposite side of the hood. This allows circulation to cover the entire basement. Both ventilation pipes are closed with grilles to protect against the penetration of rodents.
Air flow control in the ventilation system of the basement is carried out by slide gates. Levers allow you to set traction. If vegetables will be stored in the basement, then if they are wrinkled, close the dampers, and if there are signs of decay, open them slightly.
Rectangular pipes are the most convenient. Their installation is much easier, and they require less space. They are also easier to hide under the ceiling.
Do not forget that the construction of the basement involves its waterproofing. In this case, the ventilation of the basement will be more efficient. The surface of the walls is processed, both from the inside and from the outside. If the room is not intended for food storage (living rooms, a gym), then its warming and heating should be foreseen in advance.
How to check draft and ventilation efficiency
The quality of ventilation depends on the quality of the draft. To check it, it is enough to bring a thin paper sheet or a burning match to the chimney in the basement. Pulling the paper toward the neck or tilting the flame indicates traction. Otherwise, there are problems. Do not panic right away. Often an obstacle to the normal functioning of basement ventilation is the small diameter of the pipe. As a rule, after its replacement everything is getting better.
If mold is noticed in the room, this is the main signal that the basement ventilation is not working. It is necessary to open all valves and windows for ventilation as much as possible. You can get rid of mold by marking a box or a bucket of coarse salt in the basement.
To increase humidity, cover the shutters and leave a container of water or wet sand. You can also scatter wet sawdust on the floor.
A basement without ventilation can lead not only to damage the vegetables stored in it, but also threatens that over time, mold and fungus can also get into living quarters. And this is fraught with negative consequences for the health of its inhabitants.
