The ventilation of the wagons ensures the removal of air and the influx of fresh air from the street. The cars use natural and forced ventilation. Natural ventilation of passenger cars is mounted during the assembly of the car, it works without the use of electricity. Forced is a combination of fans and ducts and runs on electricity.
Wagon ventilation functions
Passenger cars are equipped with forced ventilation systems for passenger cars, the functions of which are:
- Ensuring the exchange of air, its saturation with oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide, dust, stench;
- The movement of air in the locations of passengers;
- Provides the necessary air pressure inside the car, preventing the intake of dust and hot air from the street (in summer);
- Partially lowers the air temperature in the car.
Types and mechanisms of ventilation of cars
The natural ventilation of the cars is carried out through the vents, it is free and effective. But you can use it only in the summer, and through the windows dust, raindrops get into the car. Another drawback: these are drafts, which necessarily form in the carriage with several windows open. Therefore, all passenger cars are equipped with deflectors - exhaust mechanisms.
They are not perfect either: the intensity of air drawing is weak, drawing air, they do not replace it and the atmosphere is discharged in the cars. Deflectors are mounted on the roof of the car, they suck out air only during the movement of the car. Air passing through the deflector creates a vacuum in it, which is compensated by the air from the room of the car.
Given the low efficiency of the deflectors, they are used as additional ventilation equipment. As a rule, to remove air from toilets. Air is supplied through windows or a forced ventilation system. When the car is standing, the deflector does not work and only windows are used.
Forced ventilation of a passenger car can be with or without recirculation. Ducts are mounted above the false ceiling. In addition to air ducts, the system includes intake blinds, filters, unit, diffuser and air heater. The ventilation system of the passenger car with recirculation provides a mixture of clean air from the atmosphere. It is cooled or warmed and fed into the car. Such systems are complex, because it is necessary to equip an air duct for returning air, a mixing chamber, and a filtration system.
