How to make a plumbing in a private house from a well with your own hands

To create comfortable living conditions in a country house, water supply, sewage, and electricity are needed. Communications must be autonomous (exception for power lines only). As a natural source of supplying a family with a resource, a water well for a private house is more often used. She has a sufficient flow rate, does not take up much space on the site.

Well Type Selection

To organize the water supply system of the cottage, including a bath, a pool, all plumbing points of the house use a sand or artesian source.

The first has a depth of 15 to 40 meters, depending on the terrain and the location of the aquifer. Before drilling a sandy hydraulic structure, it is advisable to conduct reconnaissance hydrogeological surveys. The advantages of such a well:

• service life - 10-15 years;
• good quality of water that you can drink immediately, often you don’t even have to install complex filter systems for deferrization or reverse osmosis;
• the possibility of drilling with your own hands, the process will take from 2 to 5 days;
• productivity - 0.5-1.5 m3 / hour;
• minimal siltation of the source, provided it is located in coarse sand.

A well on the sand can be freely preserved for the winter period, if necessary.

The artesian spring has a depth of 50 to 200 meters. The level of aquifer occurrence depends on the volume of the resource in the floodplain of a river in a particular region. The well has a high productivity of 2-5 m3 / hour. This allows you to supply water at the same time several large cottages or even a small village. Drilling an artesian source is carried out only with the use of complex equipment. In addition, a license / permit is required for this type of well. Artesian source resources are taxed. Well life is about 50 years.

Choosing a place for drilling

Before installing a water supply system from a well in a private house, it is important to determine the location of the source with your own hands. It must meet the following criteria:

• Distance from a residential building at least 5 meters.
• The distance between the well and the sewage discharge point should be maximum, but not less than 15-20 meters.
• It is important to maintain the possibility of free access to the source. It may be needed during repairs or maintenance.

You can determine the location of drilling (the estimated location of the aquifer) with the help of professionals or by external signs. The proximity of the underground vein is indicated by:

• lush vegetation, characterized by juiciness even in the heat;
• the abundance of midges in the desired area in the evening;
• dogs' love for the location of an aquifer on hot days;
• thick swirling fog in the morning over the aquifer.

Before you start drilling with your own hands, you should prepare a supporting platform. To do this, dig a small foundation pit 3x3 meters in the work area. It prevents soil from shedding inside the shaft.

Wellbore formation

To freely carry water into the house from the well, you must first independently or with the help of professionals to reach the aquifer. To do this, use the following drilling methods:

• Auger. It implies a gradual deepening around its axis of installation with rounded blades and excavation up. It is used to drill a mine in soft sandy-clay soils.
• Shock-rope. Here, a heavy steel sleeve is used with sharp tooth edges and a closing sash. The glass is sharply lowered into the ground from a height of 0.5-1 m. Thus, it captures part of the soil in its flask and raises it up. The sash of the sleeve prevents the rash of soil.
• Rotary drilling with parallel supply of water to the shaft for flushing.

For independent shock-rope drilling, it is desirable to mount the winch on a tripod. It will automatically raise the mass of the driven glass with the soil up.

Formed mine equip the casing. It is made of thick-walled plastic or steel pipes. The connection sections are performed using thread. The very first segment of the column (bottom) is made perforated. Within a meter from its lower edge, small holes of 5-15 mm in diameter are formed. The step of their location is 3-5 cm. The perforated section of the column is wrapped with a fine-grained mesh. This will be a kind of bottom filter that prevents sand from entering the lower part of the shaft.
With your own hands you can drill a well up to 35-40 m. It will be free. Deeper sources are formed using rented special equipment.

Well equipment with pumping equipment

As soon as the source for the house in the village has been drilled, the casing is installed, it's time to start installing water supply from the well. To supply fluid to the cottage and all other auxiliary rooms you need to use a good pump. It is selected according to the following source parameters:

• total depth;
• water mirror level in the well;
• source performance;
• pressure: the total length of the vertical and horizontal sections of the pipeline from the point of water intake to the farthest plumbing equipment;
• power - the frequency converter will help reduce energy consumption.

Use one of the types of pumps for drinking wells:

• Surface. It supplies water from a depth of 8-9 meters. Ideal for sources that are also called Abyssinian. They are drilled to the top. But such a structure does not have a large flow rate. More often the productivity is about 0.3 m3 / hour.
• Submersible deep. It pumps water from a different source level from 20 to 150 m. It looks like a cylinder, which is placed in a casing. The price of the submersible unit is always higher than the surface.

Additionally, pumping equipment is recommended to be equipped with a hydraulic accumulator. The accumulating membrane tank maintains a stable pressure in the system, eliminates the presence of air in it. In the event of an emergency power outage at the site, the family has a supply of water for 1-3 hours, depending on the volume of the accumulator. The optimal tank volume is 50-150 liters for 3-4 people living in the house. A detailed diagram of the water supply of a private house from a well with a hydraulic accumulator:

• submersible submersible pump;
• downhole adapter (device looks like a dovetail);
• accumulator;
• check valve;
• pipeline from the tank to the house.

All elements are collected sequentially in one system using high-quality sealant.

Pump installation

The submersible submersible pump is mounted in this way:

• A water supply pipe is attached to the outlet pipe using a fitting. Its length should reach the location of the downhole adapter.
• In parallel, an electric pump cable and safety cable are laid on the ground. It is advisable to take not steel, but strong nylon.
• All three elements (cable, pipe, cable) are pulled together with clamps in increments of 1 m.Strong tension or sagging of each component of the fastener should be avoided.
• In the casing below the level of freezing, make a technical hole for the outlet of the downhole adapter. Its back is docked with a water intake hose and inserted into the connector. From the outside of the casing, the first part of the adapter is connected to the front and tightened well.
• A pipe section is connected to the element, which will lead to the accumulator.

It is desirable to mount all pumping equipment and automation in a caisson - a protective chamber near the well itself. The reservoir is made below the freezing of the soil. The parameters of the caisson are 1x1 m or more (at the request of the master). The caisson is made of monolithic concrete, brick, reinforced concrete rings. The best option is to install a factory tank made of plastic with a top hatch.

Installation of a hydraulic tank

The storage tank is placed in a caisson, connecting it with a water supply pipe. At the inlet to the tank and at the outlet, one check valve must be installed. Their connection prevents the outflow of water from the system.

The step-by-step principle of the drive is simple:

• When filling the tank chamber, the membrane membrane leads to a change in pressure (its increase).
• At this moment, the pump is turned off.
• As soon as the cranes open in the house, the liquid leaves the drive, and the pressure in it drops.
• When the atmospheric index decreases, the pump turns on again, replenishing the water in the tank.

So that the on / off cycles of the discharge equipment are normal, the working pressure indicators are regulated. For this, a home-made station must be understaffed with a manometer with a sensor and relay. The lower pressure limit is 1.5 atm. Upper - 3.5.

At the outlet from the hydraulic tank, a pipeline is pulled from the caisson to the house.

Outdoor water supply

When installing a water supply system for a private house from a well with a hydraulic accumulator, it is important to correctly lay the pipes outside. The best options are products from HDPE. Low-pressure polyethylene withstands temperature extremes, is easy to install, and is resistant to deformation.

For pipe laying, you need to dig a trench from the caisson to the foundation of the cottage, pool, etc. The depth of the channel is below the level of freezing of the soil. This parameter is often 0.8-1.5 m, depending on the region.

Joining of pipes is carried out using special electrofusion couplings. When heated, they melt the PND material and make the joints tight.

It is better to get a line into the house through the foundation. Here it is necessary to make a hole with the help of a perforator crown. It is reinforced with a steel sleeve. Water entry into the house from the well is hermetically sealed; all gaps are additionally coated with bituminous mastic.

Water pipes must also be introduced below the level of soil freezing.

Internal piping

The water supply in the cottage can be extended in two ways:

• Consistent. A separate water supply branch departs from the main tube to each plumbing fixture. The disadvantage of this method is the reduction of pressure in the system while opening two or more taps. Plus - saving on supplies.
• Collector. For each type of equipment, a separate pipe is brought. The disadvantage of the method is the painstaking work and a large amount of consumables. Plus - stable pressure in the system, regardless of the number of open taps.

For pipe routing in the second way, a collector adapter is used.

For internal water supply, it is better to use polypropylene tubes or PVC products. Their assembly is carried out using fittings. Polypropylene is mounted by soldering. PVC - using special adapters. For drainage pipes, special bells with a sealant are provided.

Before starting the water supply in the country or in the cottage, you need to fill the accumulator with water. It is important to check all connections for leaks before fully operating the system.

If autonomous water heating is required, it is advisable to buy and install a water boiler.

Water insulation

To further protect the system from freezing problems, it is important to take care of the use of thermal insulation materials. The most optimal is a heating cable. It is mounted along the entire trunk from the outside in one of the ways:

• Linear. The cable is pulled along the pipe from the well home parallel to its position. Fixation is carried out in stages with the help of building clamps and mounting fiberglass self-adhesive tape. With this method of laying the cable, its consumption is reduced. But the method is suitable for pipes of small diameter. Otherwise, the heating of the entire surface of the highway will be inferior.
• Spiral. The cable is wound around the pipeline according to the instructions. The step of the loop is the larger, the smaller the cross section of the pipe. For example, for a trunk with a diameter of 100-150 mm, a spiral can be wound in increments of 7-9 cm.

With any method of laying the cable, one nuance should be taken into account - you need to use protective upper thermal insulation. Otherwise, heat loss cannot be avoided, the line will still freeze. As a casing, a shell made of foamed polyethylene or expanded polystyrene is used.

Drainage in a private house

For the full functioning of the domestic water supply system in a country house or cottage, a sewer pipeline should be installed. The cross section of the highway depends on the total volume of discharged effluents. But for household sewage, they often take tubes with a diameter of 150-200 mm.

The main requirement of SNiP is that pipes are laid with a mandatory slope towards the cesspool or septic tank. This eliminates a malfunction of the system. According to the norms, the slope varies depending on the cross-section of the pipes. For a diameter of 200 mm, the level is 0.8 cm for each linear meter of the line. With a decrease in the sewage cross-section, the slope level increases.

The drainage system is also mounted below the level of freezing of the earth. If this is not possible due to the features of the relief on the site, it is important to provide for high-quality insulation of the highway. It is undesirable to conduct / let down the sewer on the top of the street. Otherwise, the system will constantly freeze. Or with this installation method, use a high-quality insulation.

By law, it is forbidden to install open (leaky) cesspools on a plot in the yard. This leads to an environmental disaster, pollution of underground waters of the village. As a sink receiver, it is better to arrange a homemade septic tank for 2-3 chambers and remove waste into it. Many consumers / craftsmen prefer to install a factory treatment tank. This is a container made of plastic with stiffeners. The manifold inlet to the reservoir is tightly sealed to prevent leakage of effluents into the ground. The sealed septic tank does not allow a specific smell to pass through and qualitatively cleans the effluents before they drain into the ground.

Before performing all installation work, you should prepare a drawing diagram of the communications laid on the street. On it it is worth indicating the places of piping / piping, turns of the highway, the location of the revision, overflow wells. Such schemes allow you to quickly carry out repairs in the future, if necessary. The master will know where the pipeline runs through the section and at what depth it is.

If it is difficult to cope with the installation of the water supply system yourself, you can order turnkey work. Specialists dig a well / drill a well and fully organize their arrangement to provide the whole family with water, and the garden - with irrigation resources. Then instruct in detail about the principles of well operation. The average cost of such work in Moscow is from 2,500 rubles.per linear meter taking into account the casing string. How much will the full volume of services cost will be shown by a preliminary estimate made by the masters.