It is not always possible for a well to install a surface pumping station, since the depth of the source can exceed 8 meters, and this is the maximum distance that the station raises water. In this case, submersible equipment will come to the rescue - pumps that are capable of pumping liquid from 30 meters or more. There are many varieties of units, so for starters you need to choose a device by type of work, and then by technical characteristics. You can install the submersible equipment yourself if you have instructions and a standard set of tools.
Scope of submersible pumps for wells
If surface water intake devices need to be protected, then with submersible models everything is much simpler. They are waterproof and in operation are in liquid. Their case is made of durable material - aluminum, stainless steel, and is also equipped with additional protective functions against the ingress of water inside.
Submersible pumps are used in many areas:
- pumping drinking fluid from a well or removing groundwater;
- mineral water production on an industrial scale;
- work in deep artesian wells;
- watering the garden, including drip systems;
- work of fountain installations;
- additional increase in pressure;
- pumping of sea water - in this case, especially resistant materials that withstand salt water are used;
- mineral mining in mining;
- sewage pumping - use units with a cutting mechanism.
In households, hand pumps are sometimes found that are independent of electricity. Pumping is carried out using a “wing” located on the surface.
Types of pumps, device, principle of operation
There are rod and rodless models of submersible pumps. The rod serves to transfer thrust to the suction device inside the housing, since its electrical part - the motor - is located on the surface, the intake part of the structure is in a liquid medium. In rodless units, the motor and the suction mechanism are located in one housing and immersed in water.
According to the type of pumps, they distinguish:
- centrifugal;
- vortex;
- screw;
- vibrating.
Centrifugal pump
The principle of operation of the centrifugal device is to rotate the shaft on which the blades are fixed. The shaft is driven by an electric motor. Under the action of centrifugal force, the liquid enters the walls of the body and then is pushed up. In the center at this time, a low pressure area is created, which draws in a new portion of water.
The weak point of the centrifugal pump is the impeller. If there is no coarse filter on the suction pipe, the blades are damaged by large inclusions - stones, sand. Of the disadvantages of this type of pumps can only be called their high cost, especially if the units are made of high-quality materials. During operation, it is necessary to control the distance to the water mirror.
The advantages of centrifugal devices for lifting water:
- simplicity of installation and connection;
- silent operation;
- the ability to select a unit by power;
- household appliances are able to get liquid from a depth of up to 40 m, industrial models - up to 1000 m;
- can be selected for the narrowest casing - with a diameter of up to 10 cm.
When selecting equipment, it is advisable to calculate the power with a margin.For example, if the instructions indicate that the unit lifts fluid from 40 m, the well should not be deeper than 30 m.
Vortex type pump
Vortex pumps are suitable for summer cottages, as they are not designed for deep wells and are not powerful enough to provide water to a private house. The principle of operation is the mixing of liquid with air below and its rise with a piston. Such equipment does not consume a lot of electricity, but does not develop much power either.
The pump is inexpensive, the size is small. Suitable for wells and wells of shallow depth.
Vibration equipment
The principle of operation of the vibration pump is similar to vortex. The rise of the liquid is carried out due to the presence of a rubber membrane. The water column is 6 - 7 meters, so the equipment is not suitable for deep sources.
During operation, the walls of the well can be damaged due to constant vibration, therefore rubber rings are put on the body.
The advantage of vibration equipment is its low price and small case size.
Screw pumps
The principle of lifting water is to move it along the grooves along the axis. This creates a closed space, which prevents the reverse flow of fluid. Such units are not afraid of solid inclusions, provide a uniform supply of water, do not make noise during operation.
Overheating due to lack of cooling can cause damage to the pump, so it must be equipped with a dry running sensor. The same applies to the remaining submersible units - they are cooled with the help of the liquid in which they work.
If you have to choose whether to buy a screw or centrifugal pump for a well, you need to focus on the depth of the source.
Criterias of choice
A submersible pump is necessary if the well depth is more than 8 meters. Surface models with all the positive aspects will not cope with the task. Given that for correct operation a power reserve is needed, the surface pump station will work for wear - it will not be able to develop the required pressure and the motor will simply burn out from overheating.
When choosing equipment, it is taken into account:
- Well productivity. If water is pumped for a long time after pumping, you cannot buy a too powerful unit, since the liquid level will not have time to cover the body.
- Family needs for water.
- Availability of protection sensors. In the summer, due to heat or for other reasons, the liquid may go into the lower layers of the soil and the device will work idle, which will lead to breakage. For frequent voltage drops, a pump with protection must be selected.
- Matching pump type to source. Vibration or vortex aggregates are not recommended to be lowered into the well, so as not to cause destruction of the walls. They are more suitable for wells.
- What kind of fluid will have to be pumped. For wastewater it is better to buy special equipment with the ability to grind large particles - fecal pumps. For dirty water, a vortex or screw device is suitable. A centrifugal pump is only suitable for very clean liquids.
For long-term use, it is not recommended to buy cheap devices, since their repair is sometimes impossible by technical specifications. To evaluate the unit, you need to read reviews about the choice of a submersible pump for a well, it is advisable to compare the opinions of customers on several sites.
Rating of the best
Both imported and domestic manufacturers have good models. In any case, quality equipment will not be cheap. There may be some differences in design - imported ones are good in everything, but you need to remember that the unit will work in the depths of the well, therefore, the beauty of the body is not the main thing.
Of the domestic models have proven themselves:
- Blamos Typhoon. High performance equipment. It is used in water supply systems of a private house.
- Gilex. An economical device, the immersion depth of which is up to 80 m.
- Vortex.It pumps water from a depth of up to 100 m, economically consumes electricity.
From foreign models:
- Grundfos. The leader in the production of pumping equipment of any type. The brand is distinguished by the quality of materials and workmanship.
- Unipump. It can be used in wells where there is sand. A powerful device that will fully satisfy the needs of a private house and surrounding areas.
- Vilo. The high price of deep well pumps is justified by the long service life without the need for replacement parts.
Good equipment is also found among Chinese goods, but it will not be cheap, since expensive materials and components are used in the production.
Submersible Pump Cost
Save on buying a pump you need to competently. When choosing a centrifugal unit, you need to know the degree of cleanliness of the well. If there is no sand and stones in the water, you can buy a model whose impeller is made of durable plastic. Such a pump will cost less. Otherwise, you will have to repair it often.
The price of the device is affected by its performance, brand and the presence of additional functions.
Owner reviews
Andrey, 37 years old. Having read what good products are made in Belarus, I decided to buy Belamos. I have not regretted it for 7 years even once: I’m not afraid of sand, though we catch it from the tap, the details have never been changed. After 5 years of operation, he did not believe that for such a low price the device worked for so long, got it with a master, cleaned and lowered it back. I recommend Belarus and its pumps.
Valentine, 44 years old. In the country, Aquarius has been working with us for 10 years. It copes with pumping water into the house and into the garden. There was a breakdown once, and then - it was necessary to clean it from lime. Our water is harsh. After cleaning, he earned it. Either lucky, or really a good brand.
Igor, 29 years old. I am writing so that the rest of the buyers do not fall for the bait of sellers in the supermarket. We bought a pump 2 years ago. The manager said that the model is new, there are spare parts. It was a centrifugal impeller pump. They believed, did not guess to find out in the service. Our water seems to be clean, but hard - its impeller worked out after a couple of years - the blades are worn out, they started looking for a replacement part, and they haven’t been producing such a product for about 5 years now. I had to buy a new one. Threw money in vain.
