The installation of a well for water in the country or in a country house allows you to solve a large number of problems. Firstly, all households will consume an unlimited amount of high quality water, and secondly, there will be no difficulties with watering the flower garden and garden. Before you build an autonomous water supply system in your personal plot, you need to find out what varieties and features of operation exist.
How to choose a well for a summer residence
For a water source to serve households for many years, it is important to choose the appropriate type of source. The type of water intake depends on the following factors:
- Used drilling technology.
- The scope of work.
- The depth of the aquifer.
There is an Abyssinian, sandy and artesian spring. Each of them has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, which are mandatory for familiarization at the design stage.
Abyssinian well
This variety is considered the simplest, due to the shallow depth of groundwater. You can drill it yourself without special equipment. Also, the Abyssinian well has a name - a needle and a driven well.
The depth of such a source ranges from 3-12 meters. However, before carrying out work, it is necessary to study the area for cesspools, sedimentation tanks and other structures that are capable of poisoning the soil and groundwater.
Drilling an Abyssinian well is possible not only in the infield, but also in the basement. The second option is preferable if the water intake will be carried out in the winter.
To drill such a source, the following equipment will be required:
- pipes made of plastic (polyethylene, propylene, PVC) or metal;
- grandmother with pababkom;
- zaburnik;
- clamp;
- clogged filter.
For an uninterrupted and comfortable water intake, the source can be equipped with a surface water pump and a manual column.
Sand well
Water is produced from a sandy aquifer. Depth can reach 50 meters. Giving preference to a sand well, it is worth paying attention to the following points:
- Long service life in compliance with all operating rules and proper improvement, however, it is regularly required to check the quality of well water due to the continuous change in the composition of soils and groundwater.
- The source is quite economical.
- The debit (productivity) of the well will be enough to provide water to residents of the house and to water a small summer cottage.
The source should be away from the source of soil contamination (toilet, cesspools, etc.). If all sanitary and epidemiological conditions are met, the quality will remain consistently good for many years. The average life of a sand well is 10-15 years.
Artesian well
If there is a calcareous layer on the territory, then it can be used to produce high-quality and tasty water. To make sure that it is available on your personal plot, you can ask your neighbors (maybe they already have an autonomous water supply system) or order a test drilling in a specialized company.
The depth of the aquifer may vary between 30-200 meters, so the development of the site will require special equipment and specialists. The work is expensive, but the source has many advantages. The main advantages are high quality of produced water and durability. The service life of such a source ranges from 50-80 years.
To lift the liquid to the surface, you need to install powerful and productive equipment. For smooth operation, you will need a pumping station or a submersible (deep) pump, a hydraulic accumulator and a caisson.
Drilling water wells in a summer cottage
In most cases, drilling a water source requires special equipment in the form of a machine equipped with expensive installations. Such transport is quite large, so an access road is required, as well as a site for work. There are several mechanical drilling methods using tools that can destroy the rock.
Workers prefer two methods - a slaughter or a ring. To prevent clogging of devices and to empty the mine, the destroyed rock is washed with washing liquid.
Work equipment and supplies
If drilling will be carried out by representatives of special organizations using equipment, the preparation of consumables and working equipment is not the homeowner's concern. If all the work will be carried out independently, it is required to prepare a strong and reliable tripod, winch. The main drilling tool is a solid ice drill.
For arrangement it is necessary to prepare:
- several types of plastic (polyethylene, propylene, PVC) or metal pipes with different diameters;
- caisson;
- valves
- good quality filter (it is recommended to install not only on the bottom of the source, but also on the surface for more thorough cleaning);
- surface, submersible water pump or finished pump station.
Before purchasing expensive equipment, it will be necessary to measure the diameter of the well. Pumping equipment must move freely in the well shaft.
Determining the location of drilling
At the planning and design stage, it is necessary to conduct hydrogeological surveys to select the most suitable place for the source. To do this, you can call experts, use proven folk methods, or simply interview neighbors on the street. It’s best to start with the latter.
The survey revealed:
- The depth of the aquifer at the existing points of water intake. You can be interested in the owners of all varieties of an autonomous source of water supply.
- Static level stability. There is a dynamic and static level of the location of the water mirror, it is important not to confuse these concepts and carry out calculations using special formulas. The static level during the dry period can drop significantly.
- The geological situation, more precisely, which rock was observed during the drilling of the source. Be sure to check if there were boulders.
Suitable sites are most often located in flat terrain, a characteristic feature of which is the horizontal occurrence of all geological "wealth". Small deviations will only be due to the difference in absolute marks between the drilling point and the current source.
Also, experts recommend deciding on laying the shortest path from the source to the house.
Drilling methods
For large-scale work, special installations are required, which, if desired, can be made by yourself or seek qualified help from specialists. The type of installation will depend on the selected drilling method:
- rotary;
- auger;
- shock-rope.
To make such a installation, you will need a welding machine, a grinder and a drill. Inexperienced people first need to practice something. The construction of a homemade drilling rig will take a lot of time and effort, but in the future it can be used for other purposes.
The principle of the first method is to use a self-propelled drilling rig. Dimensions and equipment with additional elements depends on the working conditions. The equipment during operation by means of rotational movements of the bit destroys the rock and gradually sinks into the soil layers. In the course of work, the installation must be washed with water, otherwise the structural details will clog and become less productive.
The auger method involves the use of a special auger, similar to an ice drill, only of large sizes. Install it in a previously dug hole with a depth of not more than 3 meters.
The shock-rope method is the easiest to implement. The destruction of soil layers occurs due to a sharp mechanical impact, in this case, the fall of a heavy bottom hole from the tower, the height of which, as a rule, is more than two meters.
How to equip a well for water in the country
Having reached the required level, it is necessary to proceed with the arrangement of the source. The first thing they take care of is installing a deep cleaning filter. You can make it yourself. This will require a filter screen with a suitable hole diameter, perforation and casing. It is enough to assemble the filter column from the pipe, filter and sump, fix the structure and lower it into the well shaft.
The next stage is the preparation of a mixture of coarse-grained sand and fine-grained gravel. The components are mixed and poured into the cavity between the source wall and the pipe. It is important to pump water at the same time to flush the cleaning structure well.
The first swing is done using a screw centrifugal pump. Water is pumped out until the well is filled with clean and clear water. The equipment is tied to a safety cable (there are special holes for fastening on the deep pumps) and lowered into the pipe. Next, you need to bring the pipeline to all water intake points, for example, a house, a summer kitchen, a bathhouse, etc.
The power and modification of pumping equipment depends on several factors: the depth of the source and its distance from buildings, the diameter of the casing. If the source is not deep, you can use a surface pump.
The caisson, which will protect the well from blockages and freezing, can be built in the form of a canopy, decorative well, house. Inside it needs to be sealed and insulated.
Proper operation
The life of the water supply in the country from the well will depend on the characteristics of the operation of the source. That he served more than one year, you should pay attention to the following rules:
- Choose the right pumping equipment. Too powerful will quickly drain the source. Therefore, before buying the units you need to compare the flow rate of the well with the characteristics of the engine.
- Additionally, the well is equipped with a lid that prevents ingress of foreign objects, such as debris, birds, insects, dust, etc.
It is necessary to regularly disinfect the source and monitor the quality of well water. Due to continuous changes in soil and groundwater composition, quality may change for the worse.
